6
C
12.0096
Carbon
Nonmetal
Group 14
Period 2
Block p
Carbon is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6 with an atomic weight of 12.0096 u and is classed as nonmetal and is part of group 14 (carbon group). Carbon is solid at room temperature.
Carbon in the periodic table
| Symbol | C |
| Atomic number | 6 |
| Group | 14 (Carbon group) |
| Period | 2 |
| Block | p |
| Classification | Nonmetal |
| Appearance | - |
| Color | Black |
| Number of protons | 6 p+ |
| Number of neutrons | 6 n0 |
| Number of electrons | 6 e- |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaCarbon (from Latin:carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.
Physical properties
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Density | 1.821 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 12.0096 u |
Thermal properties
| Melting point | - |
| Boiling point | - |
| Heat of vaporization | 715 kJ/mol |
Atomic properties
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 2.55 |
| Electron affinity | 121.776 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly acidic oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration for carbon
Electron configuration Shorthand configuration | [He] 2s2 2p2 | ||||||||
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p2 | ||||||||
Electron configuration chart |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 4 | ||||||||
| Valence electrons | 4 | ||||||||
| Valency electrons | 4 | ||||||||
| Bohr model | Figure: Shell diagram of Carbon (C) atom. | ||||||||
Orbital Diagram |
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The history of Carbon
| Discovery | Egyptians and Sumerians (3750 BC) |
| Recognized as an element by | Antoine Lavoisier (1789) |
Discovery of carbon Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations. The earliest known use of charcoal was for the reduction of copper, zinc, and tin ores in the manufacture of bronze, by the Egyptians and Sumerians. Diamonds were known probably as early as 2500 BC in China, while carbon in the form of charcoal was made around Roman times by the same chemistry as it is today, by heating wood in a pyramid covered with clay to exclude air. True chemical analyses were made in the 18th century, and in 1789 carbon was listed by Antoine Lavoisier as an element. | |
| Original word | carbo |
| Language of origin | Latin |
| Name source | Properties |
| Meaning | “Charcoal” |
Naming The name probably is derived from the Latin carbo, meaning variously “coal”, “charcoal”, “ember”, and its word origin can be traced to ancient times. | |