3
Li
6.938
Lithium
Alkali Metal
Group 1
Period 2
Block s
Lithium is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Li and atomic number 3 with an atomic weight of 6.938 u and is classed as alkali metal and is part of group 1 (alkali metal). Lithium is solid at room temperature.
Lithium in the periodic table
| Symbol | Li |
| Atomic number | 3 |
| Group | 1 (Alkali metal) |
| Period | 2 |
| Block | s |
| Classification | Alkali Metal |
| Appearance | Silvery-white |
| Color | Silver |
| Number of protons | 3 p+ |
| Number of neutrons | 4 n0 |
| Number of electrons | 3 e- |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaLithium (from Greek:λίθος lithos, "stone") is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silver-white metal belonging to the alkali metal group of chemical elements. Under standard conditions it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element.
Physical properties
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Density | 0.534 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 6.938 u |
Thermal properties
| Melting point | 453.65 K 180.5 °C 356.9 °F |
| Boiling point | 1603 K 1329.85 °C 2425.73 °F |
| Heat of vaporization | 147.1 kJ/mol |
Atomic properties
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 0.98 |
| Electron affinity | 59.6326 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | +1 (a strongly basic oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
|
Electron configuration for lithium
Electron configuration Shorthand configuration | [He] 2s1 | ||||
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s1 | ||||
Electron configuration chart |
| ||||
| Electrons per shell | 2, 1 | ||||
| Valence electrons | 1 | ||||
| Valency electrons | 1 | ||||
| Bohr model | Figure: Shell diagram of Lithium (Li) atom. | ||||
Orbital Diagram |
|
The history of Lithium
| Discovery | Johan August Arfwedson (1817) |
| First isolation | William Thomas Brande, Sir Humphrey Davy (1821) |
Discovery of lithium Petalite was discovered in 1800 by the Brazilian chemist and statesman José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva in a mine on the island of Utö, Sweden. However, it was not until 1817 that Johan August Arfwedson, then working in the laboratory of the chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, detected the presence of a new element while analyzing petalite ore. This element formed compounds similar to those of sodium and potassium, though its carbonate and hydroxide were less soluble in water and less alkaline. Berzelius gave the alkaline material the name "lithion/lithina", from the Greek word λιθoς (transliterated as lithos, meaning "stone"), to reflect its discovery in a solid mineral, as opposed to potassium, which had been discovered in plant ashes, and sodium, which was known partly for its high abundance in animal blood. He named the metal inside the material "lithium". | |
| Original word | lithos |
| Language of origin | Greek |
| Name source | Properties |
| Meaning | “Stone” |
Naming The name is derived from the Greek word 'lithos' meaning, 'stone.' | |