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Synonyms

malfunction

American  
[mal-fuhngk-shuhn] / mælˈfʌŋk ʃən /

noun

malfunctions plural
  1. failure to function properly.

    a malfunction of the liver; the malfunction of a rocket.


verb (used without object)

malfunctions, present (3rd person singular) malfunctioned, past participle, past malfunctioning present participle
  1. to fail to function properly.

malfunction British  
/ mælˈfʌŋkʃən /

verb

  1. (intr) to function imperfectly or irregularly or fail to function

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

noun

  1. failure to function or defective functioning

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

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Etymology

Origin of malfunction

First recorded in 1925–30; mal- + function

Explanation

To malfunction is to fail to work properly. If your toaster spits out a charred, smoky mess no matter what setting it’s on, your toaster is definitely malfunctioning. When something functions, it works. Adding the prefix -mal (meaning "bad") to function indicates bad or unsuccessful functioning. When a computer malfunctions, you could lose your data. A malfunctioning car could cause an accident or leave you stranded. This word is typically used in reference to technology, tools, and gadgets. However, if you make a stupid mistake, you might joke that your brain has malfunctioned.

Keep Reading on Vocabulary.com

Vocabulary lists containing malfunction

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

See Examples For:

“A fireworks malfunction did occur during last night’s post-match celebration at Angel City FC’s game vs. Orlando at BMO Stadium,” the team said in a statement to The Times.

From Los Angeles Times Jul. 5, 2026

Earlier, Qatar's interior ministry had described Sunday's incident as an "internal explosion" and a "technical malfunction".

From Barron's Jun. 22, 2026

According to this hypothesis, the systems briefly misidentified the aircraft as being on the ground, prompting a protection system to interpret high engine thrust as a malfunction and cut fuel to both engines.

From BBC Jun. 15, 2026

Many regulations are essential guardrails of safety: minimizing the risk of financial crises, ensuring that our food isn’t harmful, protecting us from airplanes that malfunction, and so forth.

From The Wall Street Journal May 31, 2026

So there they are, three classic preconditions of a plane crash, the same three that set the stage for Avianca 052: a minor technical malfunction; bad weather; and a tired pilot.

From "Outliers" by Malcolm Gladwell

There were 15 reported firework-related deaths nationwide in 2025, with most involving misuse and device misfire or malfunctions, according to the U.S.

From Los Angeles Times Jul. 3, 2026

Its report said Nintendo had "commented only in 2020, and not as soon as it was aware of the malfunctions", the Commerce Ministry and the court in Nanterre, outside Paris, said in a statement.

From Barron's Jun. 8, 2026

Tech companies are making progress in fixing humanoid runners’ malfunctions.

From The Wall Street Journal Apr. 20, 2026

In a tongue-in-cheek post to Instagram, Glass Animals - best known for their 2020 sleeper-hit Heat Waves - claimed culpability for the lunar lavatory malfunctions.

From BBC Apr. 10, 2026

First they discovered bird droppings in their detector and checked for other possible malfunctions, but soon ruled these out.

From "A Brief History of Time: And Other Essays" by Stephen Hawking

The chunky metal box malfunctioned, initially leaving more than 100,000 people without power.

From BBC Jul. 1, 2026

Its woes hit a nadir last week when a radio communications system malfunctioned, crippling nationwide for several hours and leaving thousands of passengers stranded in trains.

From Barron's Jun. 30, 2026

Roa later told authorities that he had planned to attend the UFC event only as a protester, but his vehicle malfunctioned and he had to return home.

From Los Angeles Times Jun. 17, 2026

Sharma expected the count to take an hour using bar code scanners, but they malfunctioned in the cold, forcing his team to pull an all-nighter and count manually.

From The Wall Street Journal Apr. 7, 2026

When the equipment abruptly malfunctioned, Jim went on alone, hitting a few sour notes.

From "Mountains Beyond Mountains" by Tracy Kidder and Michael French

Devices are at most risk when they are overcharged, malfunctioning or damaged, which can cause components to break down and release excess heat.

From The Wall Street Journal Jul. 18, 2026

The director, recently freed from a malfunctioning elevator in a pithily Andersonian incident, made a brief appearance onstage with Murray in his regal white suit.

From Los Angeles Times Jul. 11, 2026

I have a similar complaint, but this relates to a toilet that is malfunctioning.

From MarketWatch Jun. 10, 2026

A "closed-loop" water cooling system, which works a bit like a car radiator and does not require regular refills, prevents them from malfunctioning.

From Barron's Feb. 26, 2026

A malfunctioning gauge in the torus had shown a sudden drop in pressure.

From "Meltdown" by Deirdre Langeland

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