Software Engineering

We present and discuss a formal, high-level approach to the specification and composition of interaction protocols for service-oriented systems. This work is being developed within the SENSORIA project as part of a language and formal framework supporting the modelling of complex services at the business level, i.e. independent of the underlying platform and the languages in which services are programmed and deployed. Our approach is based on a novel language and logic of interactions, and a mathematical semantics of composition based on graphs. We illustrate our approach using a case study provided by Telecom Italia, one of our industrial partners in the project.

In this paper, we provide a mathematical semantics for a fragment of a language -SRML-that we have defined in the SENSORIA project for modelling service-oriented systems. The main goal of this research is to make available a foundational basis for the development of practical modelling languages and tools that designers can use to model complex services at a level of abstraction that captures business functionality independently of the languages in which services are implemented and the platforms in which they execute. The basic artefact of the language is the service module, which provides a model for a complex service in terms of a number of components that jointly orchestrate a business function and may dynamically discover and bind to external parties that can deliver required functionalities. We define a mathematical model of computation and an associated logic for service-oriented systems based on the typical business conversations that occur between the parties that deliver a service. We then define the semantics of SRML service modules over this model and logic, and formulate a property of correctness that guarantees that services programmed and assembled as specified in a module provide the business functionality advertised by that module. Finally, we define an algebraic operation of composition of service modules that preserves correctness. To the best of our knowledge, there is no other formal approach that has been defined from first principles with the aim of capturing the business nature of service conversations and support service assembly based on the business logic that is required, not as it is programmed.

Distributed embedded systems are used in many applications like in the field of automobile, safety critical and mission critical systems. There are many communications systems that are being used which include I 2 C, CAN, and USB etc., for interconnecting distributed embedded systems. Distributed embedded systems complexity depends on the type of networking that is used for interconnecting each independent system which forms a node on the network. CAN is more adaptable as one can achieve faster communication speeds by eliminating noise. CAN uses different terminating, arbitration, timing, address resolution methods for making the testing process much more complicated and making it necessary to design most appropriate message flow systems. Testing is the most critical aspect to validate proper working of a distributed embedded system. Many testing methods are proposed in literature by considering the entire distributed embedded systems, but the methods have lacked addressing complex aspects of distributed embedded systems. Testing a distributed embedded system by considering the entire system as whole is not possible as the failure of one component may occur while testing each independent embedded system is needed, thus it requires a different strategy for testing an embedded system altogether. One of the main challenges of testing a distributed embedded system is to undertake comprehensive testing by optimizing time and cost. Scaffolding method helps in testing 80% of the firmware especially the hardware independent code by leaving the need for undertaking testing by considering hardware as well. In this paper testing a distributed embedded system which is comprehended through a CAN protocol and by using Scaffolding method which follows divide and conquer principle are been presented.

El libro que ahora nos ocupa, titulado “Ingenieria de Software e Ingenieria del Conocimiento: dos disciplinas interrelacionadas” surge con los aportes de una gran cantidad de grupos iberoamericanos que presentan conclusiones importantes sobre estas dos disciplinas. Se presentan proyectos en diferentes temas, como entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, transferencia del conocimiento, modelos y metodologias del software como PSP y Scrum, elementos de ingenieria de requisitos, arquitecturas y lenguajes, ademas de varias tecnicas y estrategias de ensenanza y tendencias modernas como Semat. Todos estos temas se conjugan y, en ocasiones, sus limites se hacen borrosos entre las dos disciplinas que dan nombre a este libro, entregando en 22 Capitulos aportes de gran relevancia para el entorno cientifico Iberoamericano. Confiamos en que las contribuciones que se incluyen en este libro susciten nuevas maneras de aproximar aun mas la Ingenieria de Software y la Ingenieria del Conocimiento, como are...

This is the final report on activity C1, “Design tools and models” of the IEA SHC Task 65 “Solar Cooling for the Sunbelt regions”. The work involved reviewing and adapting tools and models for technical and financial assessment and design for solar cooling and the project phases from pre-feasibility to simulation to monitoring. The main focus is the documentation of the tools and their specific application to provide measured data for validating the tools and the adaptation of selected ones for Sunbelt countries.

Bibliografische lnformationd der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http abrufbar. Das in diesem Werk enthaltene Programm-Material ist mit keiner Verpflichtung oder Garantie irgendeiner Art verbunden. Der Autor übernimmt infolgedessen keine Verantwortung und wird keine daraus folgende oder sonstige Haftung übernehmen, die auf irgendeine Art aus der Benutzung dieses Programm-Materials oder Teilen davon entsteht. Höchste inhaltliche und technische Qualität unserer Produkte ist unser Ziel. Bei der Produktion und Auslieferung unserer Bücher wollen wir die Umwelt schonen: Dieses Buch ist auf säurefreiem und chlorfrei gebleichtem Papier gedruckt. Die Einschweißfolie besteht aus Polyäthylen und damit aus organischen Grundstoffen, die weder bei der Herstellung noch bei der Verbrennung Schadstoffe freisetzen.

There is empirical evidence that internal software quality, e.g., the quality of source code, has great impact on the overall quality of software. Besides well-known manual inspection and review techniques for source code, more recent approaches utilize tool-based static code analysis for the evaluation of internal software quality. Despite the high potential of code analyzers the application of tools alone cannot replace well-founded expert opinion. Knowledge, experience and fair judgment are indispensable for a valid, reliable quality assessment, which is accepted by software developers and managers. The EMISQ method (Evaluation Method for Internal Software Quality), guides the assessment process for all stakeholders of an evaluation project. The method is

A major determinant of the quality of software systems is the quality of their requirements, which should be both understandable and precise. Most requirements are written in natural language, good for understandability but lacking in precision. To make requirements precise, researchers have for years advocated the use of mathematics-based notations and methods, known as "formal". Many exist, differing in their style, scope and applicability. The present survey discusses some of the main formal approaches and compares them to informal methods. The analysis uses a set of 9 complementary criteria, such as level of abstraction, tool availability, traceability support. It classifies the approaches into five categories: general-purpose, natural-language, graph/automata, other mathematical notations, seamless (programming-language-based). It presents approaches in all of these categories, altogether 22 different ones, including for example SysML, Relax, Eiffel, Event-B, Alloy. The review discusses a number of open questions, including seamlessness, the role of tools and education, and how to make industrial applications benefit more from the contributions of formal approaches. This is the full version of the survey, including some sections and two appendices which, because of length restrictions, do not appear in the submitted version.

Requirements are the keystone of complex systems development. In order to reduce inconsistencies, requirements analysis is an important issue of systems engineering. In this context, there is a need for conciliating views of several stakeholders from different domains and for tracing these requirements from specification to realization. The computerization of analysis, with the help of a clearly defined semantics linked to a non-specialist readable language, should lead to overcome this major issue. Several works already go into this direction. The most popular ones are dealing with natural language, easily understandable but with few semantics. Other approaches propose more formal notations, with stronger semantics but then being less affordable by stakeholders. In this paper, we propose a preliminary work that should drive us to define a language dedicated to requirements which combine the best of both worlds in order to ease requirements analysis throughout the system lifecycle.

A major determinant of the quality of software systems is the quality of their requirements, which should be both understandable and precise. Most requirements are written in natural language, which is good for understandability but lacks precision. To make requirements precise, researchers have for years advocated the use of mathematics-based notations and methods, known as “formal.” Many exist, differing in their style, scope, and applicability. The present survey discusses some of the main formal approaches and compares them to informal methods. The analysis uses a set of nine complementary criteria, such as level of abstraction, tool availability, and traceability support. It classifies the approaches into five categories based on their principal style for specifying requirements: natural-language, semi-formal, automata/graphs, mathematical, and seamless (programming-language-based). It includes examples from all of these categories, altogether 21 different approaches, including...

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Most popular graphical object-oriented methods OOMs provide good mechanisms for handling complexity and constructs that facilitate the creation of abstract, highly-structured models of systems. These qualities make the use of OOMs in the development of complex systems attractive. On the other hand, the models produced by these methods are not amenable to rigorous semantic analysis. Research carried out by the Methods Integration Research Group MIRG at Florida Atlantic University o n i n tegrating formal speci cation techniques FSTs with less-formal, but richly-structured, graphical OOMs is concerned primarily with developing precise and analyzable counterparts of the models produced by the OOMs. In this paper we give a n o v erview of the current MIRG w ork on using FSTs to support rigorous analysis of OO models. Speci cally, w e outline our approach to formalizing Fusion's design and analysis models, and indicate how the formal models can be used to support semantic analysis across requirements and design development stages.

The use of a rigorous development e n vironment is needed when developing a complex system, such as real-time and critical systems. Preventing industry from embracing formal method techniques is the lack of industrial strength tools to support formalization and analysis. We are developing an approach and a tool environment for the development of complex systems that integrates a graphical object-oriented technique (Fusion) and a formal method (Z) with analysis tools. The tool, called FuZE (Fusion/Z Environment), has been used successfully to specify and analyze non-trivial systems. This paper describes the specication transformation rules and the extension of the environment to include transformation of design documents such as Object Interaction Graphs.

This work is a continuation of a design of a phase radio navigation system for aircraft blind landing in case of nonequipped runways proposed in [1], where, the proposed system is based on measuring the phase shifts of signals received from four ground transmitters (antennas), placed on corners of the runway strip, which provide distance measurements accuracy in millimeters. However, there are two important points that need serious consideration. First, the phase measurement is going to give the total phase ( ) ϕ ρ − 0 , while the actual phase shift of interest is ‘ϕ ’, 0 ρ is the transmitter initial phase. The second problem is that, the measured phase angle ( ) ϕ ρ − 0 between the transmitted and the received signal can only be measured in the interval from 0 to π 2 radians, this problem is called phase ambiguity. The answer of these problems lies in the use of more than one frequency (signal). Two sinusoidal signals with different frequencies ( 1 f and 2 f ) but the same initial ...

Resumo: A computação ubíqua (ou computação onipresente) define que a computação alie alta mobilidade e alta imersão computacional no ambiente e na rotina dos usuários. Para prover a imersão computacional necessária, sistemas ubíquos devem ser cientes de contexto. Ou seja, eles devem ser capazes de se adaptar ao ambiente de acordo com o que está acontecendo nele (eventos) ou baseado no seu estado atual. Uma das questões abordadas em pesquisas recentes na área de sensibilidade de contexto trata de formas com que contexto pode ser armazenado e recuperado, e de que forma isto pode ser integrado a aplicações pervasivas para que estas adaptem sua execução ou apresentação de informações ao usuário em tempo real. Neste artigo, apresentamos um estudo sobre as áreas de sensibilidade ao contexto e a situações (uma abstração de alto nível de contextos). A partir deste estudo, e da definição de um estudo de caso baseado na integração entre aplicações de dois domínios, foi possível identificar um conjunto de oportunidades de pesquisa na área.

The purpose of this approach is to enable organizations to efficiently handle substantial volumes of data and uphold a system that remains responsive for ongoing operations. MongoDB, known for being a NoSQL database, offers multiple methods for the archival of data. MongoDB depends on the Oplog (operation log) to record real-time database changes. This essential component plays a vital role in enabling features like replication and sharding, which are crucial for maintaining data consistency and ensuring high availability. Nevertheless, handling and archiving Oplog data can present notable difficulties, especially in extensive MongoDB deployments. This research delves into different Oplog archiving approaches and offers an empirical analysis of their performance and efficiency.

El sistema nervioso funciona mediante contactos eléctricos entre neuronas, configurando circuitos específicos para cada función neurológica. La electroencefalografía es una técnica exploratoria no invasiva, que permite registrar la actividad bioeléctrica (ondas cerebrales) ...

In this work, we propose to develop an integrated formal framework where both static and dynamic analysis techniques complement each other in enhancing the verification process of an existing web services based application. The proposed framework consists of three components. A Library of Property Patterns, which we intend to build on existing work and compile a library and a classification of web services properties (patterns and antipatterns). These would include BPEL4WS and WISCI requirements in the form of property patterns which can be instantiated in different contexts and for different purposes like verifying correctness, security, and performance related issues. The property library will be based on an easy to use template that depicts mainly the type, formal model, and example of a property. The second component is the development of Static Analysis Techniques that include direct code inspection, abstraction based techniques, and model based techniques. The third component ...

We propose an integrated framework for the formal analysis of web services based applications involving both static and dynamic analysis techniques. The proposed framework consists of three main components: A library of patterns, representing both recommended and undesired services related properties along with an efficient classification of the compiled patterns according to their effect on the behavior of web services based applications; a set of static analysis techniques that use tools like code inspection, abstraction extraction, and model inference to detect property patterns in the source code of the applications under test; and a set of dynamic analysis techniques directly mainly to verify web services based applications against property patterns that cannot be detected using only the source code of applications. In this paper, we elaborate the work completed on the development of an approach to dynamic analysis of web services based applications, we describe the formal mode...

Software is becoming a key ingredient in most of the modern systems and devices that support important business processes in our modern society. It is an essential component of many embedded applications that control various sensitive applications such as air traffic control systems, rockets, automated banking systems (ATM), security systems (radar) and so many other applications. The failure of those systems can result into severe damage .It obvious that software testing technologies are essential for software testers. Even though there are several software testing methodologies and techniques to support the quality of software but to find relevant parameters for their applicability conditions remains an open question. This paper attempts to shed light on decision criteria, by describing various software testing techniques and their distinctions. The finding shows that these methodologies and techniques do not have direct influence on the quality of software but the choices we make on selecting relevant methodology/or technique for the application.

Software is becoming a key ingredient in most of the modern systems and devices that support important business processes in our modern society. It is an essential component of many embedded applications that control various sensitive applications such as air traffic control systems, rockets, automated banking systems (ATM), security systems (radar) and so many other applications. The failure of those systems can result into severe damage .It obvious that software testing technologies are essential for software testers. Even though there are several software testing methodologies and techniques to support the quality of software but to find relevant parameters for their applicability conditions remains an open question. This paper attempts to shed light on decision criteria, by describing various software testing techniques and their distinctions. The finding shows that these methodologies and techniques do not have direct influence on the quality of software but the choices we make on selecting relevant methodology/or technique for the application.

The lack of standards for storage and exchange of data is a serious hindrance for the large-scale data deposition, data mining and program interoperability that is becoming increasingly important in bioinformatics. The problem lies not only in defining and maintaining the standards, but also in convincing scientists and application programmers with a wide variety of backgrounds and interests to adhere to them. Results: We present a UML-based programming framework for the modeling of data and the automated production of software to manipulate that data. Our approach allows one to make an abstract description of the structure of the data used in a particular scientific field and then use it to generate fully functional computer code for data access and input /output routines for data storage, together with accompanying documentation. This code can be generated simultaneously for different programming languages from a single model, together with, for example for format descriptions and I/O libraries XML and various relational databases. The framework is entirely general and could be applied in any subject area. We have used this approach to generate a data exchange standard for structural biology and analysis software for macromolecular NMR spectroscopy.

Search/Retrieve via URL (SRU) uses a structured search command language to retrieve library materials via URL. It is a handy technique to create special catalogs for a specific type of library materials (e.g., Chinese videos), a specific subject (e.g., Chinese Americans), or even a specific author (e.g., Jin Yong). Faculty can put such URLs or &quot;special catalogs&quot; on their own webpage or course pages.

In this study, we investigate the potential of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), to accelerate the development of system dynamics simulations within the broader context of systems engineering. The research aims to uncover the opportunities and limitations of leveraging AI to assist humans in constructing and refining system dynamics models. Through a systematic iterative process, GPT-4 was engaged in tasks such as creating, expanding, and stabilising simulations, identifying errors, generating expansion ideas, and converting models to Python code. Our findings reveal that GPT-4, while not flawless, can significantly enhance the modelling process, reduce human error, and expedite learning. This paper critically examines the role of AI in model development, emphasising the continued importance of human expertise in the evaluation and testing of simulations. Ultimately, we argue for a symbiotic relationship between AI and human mod...

The methodology is the systematic approach to define the set methods or set of practices used in field of study to improve system performance. Lot of methodologies has been used in the IT and non IT industry for developing the trends in business using specific tools or process to improve the existing network characteristic. We are going to discuss on the comparative study on Agile and Network methodology. This paper gives clear explanation on how methodology is used for improving the standard of Organization and client satisfaction. The research on major finding of methodology is analyzed and how it will improve the productivity of the development by delivering the defect free software product. The Agile methodology research is done specific to the IT industry and Network methodology analysis is done related to network projects in the organization. The comparative study is done on the advantages and problems faced in both the methodology. The factors that are involved in the researc...

In 2014, the first dedicated National Māori Suicide Prevention Programme: Waka Hourua was launched by Te Rau Matatini. One of its five streams was the operation of a National Coordination Centre for Māori Community Suicide Prevention. The major programme championed by the Centre included fostering Māori leadership, and building their capacity and capability to lead the development of whole of community plans. In drawing on what differentiates Waka Hourua from other programmes, it is the distinction of being privileged to work as informed insiders to Māori communities. This article provides an account of the Ko Au, Ko Koe, Ko Tātou Māori Suicide Prevention Community Programme and Māori Champions working in communities - the Pou Ārahi role.

This study aims to formulate requirements for models and programs of cyber-physical systems through an investigation of existing approaches to dynamic verification of control programs. Building on this research, we propose a formal model for dynamic verification of process-oriented control programs in cyber-physical systems. Additionally, our goal is to develop a software package based on the proposed methods and models. The research focuses on hyperprocesses, which involve multiple interacting processes with executable states. The complexity of the models being created and the prevalence of routine operations present challenges in applying formal methods to their verification. Neglecting the verification of process-oriented software poses significant risks in system development. Therefore, addressing this challenge involves research and development of dynamic software verification methods that combine testing and simulation techniques.

The EOS project is investigating the design and construction of a family of real-time distributed embedded operating systems for reliable, distributed aerospace Distributed Systems D. A Physical Device Model for Path Pascal E. Lightweight processes in an object-oriented system ! ! ! Project EOS: Mid-Year Report Project EOS: Mid-Year Report G based operating system design. The motivation for this evolution is that current operating systems are difficult to adapt to new, multi-computer/multi-processor architectures and reliable applications. The structure of many of today's operating systems are based on a sixties perception of time-sharing and real-time operation. Instead of a centralized timesharing or real-time operating system model, research is concentrating on a model systems has improved and new operating system concepts introduced. However, improved understanding of the structure of an operating system is not, by itself, a motivating force to develop a new operating system. It is our belief that the change in communication bandwidth will change how resources within a computer system are managed and that this will provide the major motivation to redesign operating systems. Adaptive and reliable system architectures provide additional motivation to explore new operating system designs, It is our intention to build a prototype embedded operating system which can be used as a testbed to decide how best aerospace operating systems _^..

Hospitality industry is the economic stream in many parts of the world. With today’s increasing terror attacks in Nigeria, it is a great concern that the safety and security of guests and employees’ lives and properties be protected. This raises the use of biometric system in hotels. The general objective of the study is to ascertain the extent to which biometric system can affect the performance of hotels in Abuja metropolis. The study seeks to find out specifically the extent of relationship between biometric system and customer satisfaction and the extent to which biometric usage affect competitive advantage of hotels in Abuja. The study is anchored on Expectancy disconfirmation theory. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated in line with the specific objectives of the study. The research adopted survey research design. The study worked with sample size of one hundred from the population of five hundred and sixty. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used ...

A great variety of simulation environments aim at supporting education through a modelling process. However, there are certain problems associated to modelling environments. We intend to build the solution model to every problem through plans based on intermediate languages outlined by the students. These learner plans are abstract solutions to the design problems. Our proposal consists in a tool, Plan Editor, to help the students design a domotic environment, following the intermediate language approach as a first step in the resolution of the problem. In the end, the student will be able to more efficiently simulate the plan proposed.

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) are effective to provide instruction for students in several situations. Many works have been using gamification by adding game elements to learning contexts aiming to engage students and to drive desired learning behaviours. However, the design of gamified ITS should deal with a huge variability. Software product lines (SPLs) promise to offer rapid product development and more affordable development costs to build software from the same family. A key factor to successfully implement a product-line approach is to structure commonalities and variabilities into a product line architecture (PLA). In this paper, we propose a PLA for developing gamified ITSs that uses an ontology-driven feature modelling strategy. We illustrate how our architecture could be applied to instantiate a product on the basic math domain. We also discuss a set of implications of using it as well as how it could support the evolution/changing of gamified ITSs.

These realities reinforce the importance of understanding, assessing and effectively managing coastal fisheries. This is the key theme of the documentto examine the various approaches and challenges arising in the assessment and management of coastal fisheries within the LAC region. For the purpose of this document, the term 'coastal fisheries' refers to three main types: subsistence fisheries, traditional fisheries (artisanal), and advanced artisanal (or semi-industrial) fisheries. The adaptability of fishers, which enables them to switch gears and target species, makes it difficult in some cases to differentiate among these three types, but broadly the main distinction made here is between coastal fisheries and industrial or recreational fisheries. Coastal fisheries tend to share certain features, such as high mobility of fishers, transboundary issues related to shared resources, high competition among user groups, seasonal use of resources, and multiple livelihoods (

Pengujian perangkat lunak merupakan salah satu tahap dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak. Pengujian perangkat lunak dilakukan untuk mencari kesalahan perangkat lunak yang akan dikembangkan[1]. Selain akan dibahas beberapa teknis yang digunakan untuk menguji perangkat lunak yang sudah dibuat sekaligus melakukan proses Quality Assurance sebelum perangkat lunak tersebut diimplementasikan. Perangkat lunak yang akan di uji terbagi menjadi 2, yaitu perangkat lunak berbasis web dan perangkat lunak berbasis mobile . Pokok dari bahasan ini memberikan tinjauan literatur tentang teknik pengujian perangkat lunak yang sudah dibuat mempergunakan Teknik White Box Testing .

Software testing is one of the most important activities for ensuring quality of software products. It is a complex and knowledge-intensive activity which can be improved by reusing tester knowledge. Generally, testing web applications involves writing manual test scripts which is a tedious and labor-intensive process. Manually written test scripts are valuable assets encapsulating the knowledge of the testers. Reusing these scripts to automatically generate new test scripts can improve the effectiveness of software testing and reduce the cost of required manual interventions. In this paper, a semantic web enabled approach is proposed for automatically adapting and generating test scripts. It reduces the cost of human intervention across multiple scripts by accumulating the human knowledge as semantic annotations on test scripts. This is supported by designing an ontology which defines the concepts and relationships required for test script annotation. The proposed approach is based...

As part of the build-up of the German Aerospace Center's (DLR) Institute of Space Systems in 2007, a Concurrent Engineering Facility (CEF) has been set-up to complement the institute's tools and laboratories at its disposal to fulfil its major objective: efficient end-to-end space system design. With initial support by the European Space Agency in 2008, DLR adapted the different elements of such an environment, e.g. the infrastructure itself, the related (systems) engineering processes, the team set-up as well as the data-and multimedia tools, to its own needs. As of today, more than 30 Concurrent Engineering (CE) studies have been successfully conducted with an average number of about 7 studies per year. Mainly related to the pre-development phases so far, the CE activities include both feasibility analyses for potential future systems and missions as well as for design contributions to already planned projects and missions. Due to the valuable results and further inputs to the respective projects, the intense and fruitful interactions within the team together with the educational aspects for the study participants, an increasing interest in applying the CE approach for internal and external projects can be observed. Since the studies are characterized by e.g. varying study objectives and team members, used dataand design models as well as by process-and planning adaptations, there is a continuous growth of lessons learned from each previous activity. This paper outlines the different applications of the facility, including a brief description of all systems, missions and architectures which have been designed and analysed in the CEF within the last 4.5 years. Additionally the evolution and progress of the CE approach at DLR will be examined, on the one hand from the organizational point of view and on the other hand with respect to the content-related aspects like e.g. study elements and objectives. Furthermore it provides and discusses various statistics related to amongst others project-, tool-and planning issues of the "30+" studies up to now. A clear set of initial (internal) definitions, additional complementary activities related to the CEF as well as an outlook for the next years, in terms of studies and process development, complete this paper.

Resumo. Histórias de usuário são um artefato de uso limitado. O contexto geral do sistema, seus objetivos, as relações de dependência dos requisitos são muitas vezes omitidos ou mal entendidos com o uso somente desse artefato. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem para complementar os requisitos ágeis (histórias de usuário) através de sua integração com modelos i*. As histórias de usuário são mapeadas para modelos i* e, por meio da visualização dos modelos, buscase contribuir dando suporte aos stakeholders através da representação visual e mais abrangente dos requisitos. Além disso, as histórias de usuário poderão ser analisadas de acordo com a carga semântica da técnica i*. Ao utilizar os modelos, a característica de agilidade dos projetos poderá ser mantida pelo fato da visualização através de modelos ser mais simples e rápida.

Resumo. Histórias de usuário são um artefato de uso limitado. O contexto geral do sistema, seus objetivos, as relações de dependência dos requisitos são muitas vezes omitidos ou mal entendidos com o uso somente desse artefato. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem para complementar os requisitos ágeis (histórias de usuário) através de sua integração com modelos i*. As histórias de usuário são mapeadas para modelos i* e, por meio da visualização dos modelos, buscase contribuir dando suporte aos stakeholders através da representação visual e mais abrangente dos requisitos. Além disso, as histórias de usuário poderão ser analisadas de acordo com a carga semântica da técnica i*. Ao utilizar os modelos, a característica de agilidade dos projetos poderá ser mantida pelo fato da visualização através de modelos ser mais simples e rápida.

pyrimidin-2( I H)ones 3 and 5, 7-disubstituted-pyrido[2, 3-d]-pyrimidine-2, 4-(1 H, 2H) dithiones 4 have been sy nthesized by the condensation of 2amino-3-cyano-4, 6-disubstituted-pyridines 2 with urea and carbon disu lphide, respecti vely. Compounds 2 have been synthesized by condensing ehalcones 1 with malononitrile and ammonium acetate. The condensati on of trimethyls ilyl deri vatives of compou nds 3 with f3-o-ribofuranose l-acetate-2, 3, 5-tribenzoate in the presence of SnCI 4 furnish the nucleosides, viz, 4-amino-5, 7disubstituted-I -(2, 3, 5-tri-O-benzoy l-a-o-ribofuranosy l)pyrido[2, 3-dJpyri midin-2(1H)-ones 5 . Compounds 3-5 have been screened for their an tibac teri al and antifungal activities.

Sistem Informasi Akademik (SIA) adalah sistem yang menyediakan layanan akademik di lembaga pendidikan. SIA menjadi elemen penting dalam sebuah institusi akademik karena kemampuan sistem ini yang dapat mengatur proses bisnis besar seperti perguruan tinggi. Salah satunya adalah kegiatan akademik. Saat ini, Direktorat Pengembangan Teknologi Sistem Informasi (DPTSI) ITS sedang melakukan perombakan sistem akibat adanya perubahan proses bisnis yaitu, penambahan tampilan bahasa Inggris atau dwibahasa. Oleh karena itu, kami melakukan analisis kembali terkait sistem tersebut. Untuk menangani hal tersebut, dalam Tugas Akhir ini dibangun sebuah SIA untuk modul kurikulum dan ekuivalensi yang bersifat generik. Maksud dari bersifat generik adalah proses bisnis yang terdapat dalam SIA dapat diaplikasikan ke perguruan tinggi lainnya. Hasil dari pengujian sistem menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan pengguna pada modul kurikulum dan ekuivalensi sudah terpenuhi dengan baik. Dari segi kaprodi, dosen, dan mahasi...

La iniciativa se propone como una estrategia para responder a las necesidades actuales de formación y difusión del área de HCI en la comunidad de habla hispana, la cual dispone de poca información en español. Para ello, se presenta aquí el contexto en el cual surge la iniciativa y el proceso general a seguir para que después de un año dispongamos de un conjunto destacado de seminarios web que refuercen la difusión de la IHC en nuestro contexto. Se explica la estructura de los webinars y, al final, se propone un calendario para completar todo un año de seminarios de temas IHC accesibles online.

Reyes Delgado, Paola Yuritzy;Margain Fuentes, Ma. Lourdes Y.;Álvarez Rodríguez, Francisco Javier;Muñoz Arteaga, Jaime Aplicación de instrumento diagnóstico en proceso &quot;gestión de procesos&quot; con base en MoProSoft Investigación y Ciencia, Núm. 43, enero-abril, 2009, ...

Most of failures of startup application in many countries reached 75%, while the startup failures in Indonesia reached 90%. These failures were caused by non-technical or management factors in managing startup. The RPL (Software Engineering) Laboratory of FILKOM of Brawijaya University has a roadmap to develop an application to support the successfulnes of a management software project. The data analysis had been performed on FILKOM student's thesis work which generally develops software that has main obstacle in the management. A study solution which was developed through scientific SDLC and PMLC combined with Scrum method becomes an application named SPM-SCRUM. The results of analysis carried out on several software development projects refer to the Iterative SDPM process. Furthermore, the strategy of Iterative SDPM combined with Scrum method produces a system architecture design that separates the Front End and Back End.

There are a lot of reasons reported for why organisations start a sourcing decision. This paper discusses this theme based on two questions: Does the need and/or wish to increase e-Government services influence the start of a sourcing decision process aiming at reorganising hosting of software applications and if it does, how does it influence the start of such a decision-making process? The point of departure, besides a literature review, is a sourcing decision-making process in a Swedish municipality. When analysing the sourcing decision, five suggested propositions developed from the factors: control, core competence, capability, cost, and strategy, are used. It is concluded that municipalities in Sweden has to prepare for being more of an e-Government organisation, which means that more of the services the municipalities' employees has done before citizens will do by themselves. This demands that to be able to offer future e-Government services municipalities need to have control over software applications. From this study it is suggested that centralisation of hosting can be seen as decentralisation of work tasks from an e-Government perspective.

AimTo report on the outcomes of the European project ENS4Care, which delivered evidence‐based guidelines enabling implementation of eHealth services in nursing and social care.BackgroundWithin a policy context of efficiency, safety and quality in health care, this project brought together a diverse group of stakeholders from academia, industry, patient and professional organizations to lead the development of five eHealth guidelines in the areas of prevention, clinical practice, integrated care, advanced roles and nurse ePrescribing.Sources of evidenceData were collected through a cross‐sectional, online, questionnaire survey of health professionals from 21 countries. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and summary statistics, while comments to open questions underwent a process of content analysis.DiscussionRepresenting an evidence‐based consensus statement, the five guidelines outline key steps and considerations for the deployment of eHealth services at different le...

This paper is concerned with an aspect of the design of metaheuristic algorithms, such as evolutionary algorithms, tabu search and ant colony optimization. The topic that is considered is how problems can be represented when they are given to a metaheuristic algorithm. A particular difficulty is presented, viz. the&#x27;&#x27;bottleneck&#x27;&#x27;, where the problem is artificially converted into a new representation in order to fit the standard input to the metaheuristic. Such bottlenecks cause problems in interpreting or trusting the solution ...