L’agence d’expertise indépendante INDEX, constituée d’architectes, d’artistes et de chercheurs, enquête sur les violences d’État en France et depuis la France. Dans cet entretien, iels expliquent comment iels réinvestissent politiquement la notion d’expertise dans les enquêtes policières, racontent leurs liens avec le collectif Forensic Architecture, explicitent ce qu’iels entendent par « vérité » dans les enquêtes en sources ouvertes et ce qu’iels mettent en place pour permettre une plus grande dissémination des outils de l’OSINT.

Some authors have suggested that inequality in health at population level could be explored by using inequality measures derived from measurement of income inequality. Would it make sense to substitute income with health in measures such as the Gini or Atkinson’s index of inequality? The aim of this chapter is to explore if Atkinson’s index of inequality can help us understand trade-offs in health care priority setting, and if yes, how to respond to possible objections to this use. (...) Measures of economic inequality can help us understand trade-offs in health care priority setting. I argue that Atkinson’s index of inequality and the achievement index are able to: a) capture distributive concerns in cases involving inequality in the age of death; b) measure impact of population level interventions (e.g. targeting under-five mortality); c) capture distributive concerns for the worst off; and d) provide an alternative perspective on the disability paradox encountered by cost-utility analysis. Limitations to this approach include distributions involving small health benefits at the beginning of life (the incomplete lives argument) and at the end of life (a special concern for palliative care for terminally ill patients regardless of how much health they have achieved previously). The univariate measures discussed in this paper is only concerned with the distribution of health itself. Additional and normatively relevant types of information are captured in bivariate and multivariate measures. (shrink)

Background Although the Internet has become an important part of clinical nurses’ professional and personal lives, there are currently no defined indicators to assess the level of cyber ethics literacy of clinical nurses. Research aim This study aims to develop an evaluation index system for evaluating the cyber ethics literacy of clinical nurses. Research design A Delphi study. Participant and research context Two rounds of Delphi consultation were conducted from March 2024 to May 2024, with 20 experts participating in (...) the first round and 18 experts in the second round. Ethical considerations Participation in the study was voluntary and informed consent of the experts was obtained before the study. Approval was obtained from the ethics committee (No. 2022-0018). Results The degree of expert positivity was 100% and 90%, the coefficients of expert authority were 0.863 and 0.883, and Kendall’s W coefficient were 0.143 and 0.151, respectively ( p <.001). The final developed evaluation index system of clinical nurses’ cyber-ethical literacy contains 3 primary indicators, 10 secondary indicators, and 34 tertiary indicators. Conclusion The evaluation index system constructed in this study is comprehensive, closely combines the characteristics of the nursing profession with cyber ethics, and is scientific and practical. (shrink)

As a step towards a systematic comparative evaluation of the fairness of different language policies, a rationale is presented for the design of an index of linguistic justice based on public policy analysis. The approach taken is to define a ‘minimum threshold of linguistic justice’ with respect to government language policy in three domains: law and order, public administration, and essential services. A hypothetical situation of pure equality and freedom in the choice of language used by all members of (...) society in communicating with the state is used as a theoretical benchmark to study the distributive effects of policy alternatives. Departures from this standard incur lower scores. Indicators are chosen to assess effective access to three kinds of language rights: toleration (the lack of state interference in private language choices), accommodation (accessibility of public services in different languages), and compensation (symbolic and practical recognition of languages outside the dominant one). In order to take account of the cost-benefit trade-offs involved in providing language-related goods to language groups of varying sizes, a method is adopted for weighting scores with respect to compensation rights so that lack of recognition for larger groups incurs greater penalties, while factoring in the particular characteristics of each language-related good. A trial set of ten indicators illustrates the compromises entailed in balancing theoretical rigour with empirical feasibility. (shrink)

Contemporary art is increasingly reverting to notions of the index to image the slow changes and catastrophic destructions caused by climate breakdown. Looking at Gideon Mendel’s photo series Watermarks (since 2011), Tomonari Nishikawa’s short film sound of a million insects, light of a thousand stars (2014), and Santiago Sierra’s installation 52 Canvases Exposed to Mexico City’s Air (2019), the essay analyzes three positions that employ analog techniques of direct exposure to the elements and to toxicity. They use the (...) class='Hi'>index to create artworks that function as collaborative testimonies of human and non-human witnessing work, prompting a re-reading of Rosalind Krauss’ two-part essay “Notes on the Index” (1977) for the present. Central to such a re-reading is the form the testimonies take on. I describe them as indexical abstractions, seeing in them images that are materially connected to the world yet expressing that involvement in non-mimetic ways. The works cite the idiom of abstract art not only to show that modernism has put the planet into distress but to also find a pictorial code operating beyond the confines of linear perspective. By doing so, they give expression to what Timothy Morton has called the hyperobject of climate change, creating pictures that combine image and imagination, thereby asking viewers to approach them – and the world they index – with care. (shrink)

AimTo examine the association of body mass index (BMI) [kg/m2] and its classifications (underweight [BMI < 18.5], normal [18.5 ≤ BMI < 25], overweight [25 ≤ BMI < 30], and obese [BMI ≥ 30]) with brain structure in individuals with a wide range of BMI group.Materials and methodsThe participants included 382 right-handed individuals (mean age: 46.9 ± 14.3 years, 142 men and 240 women). The intelligence quotient was assessed using the Japanese Adult Reading Test. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion (...) tensor imaging (DTI) were performed to analyze the association of BMI and its classifications with gray and white matter structures, respectively.ResultsAccording to VBM, BMI was significantly and negatively correlated with the bilateral cerebellum exterior volumes. In group comparisons, the right cerebellum exterior volume was significantly lower in the overweight or obese group than in the underweight or normal group, while the bilateral cuneus and calcarine cortex, left cuneus, and left precuneus volume was significantly lower in the underweight group than in the non-underweight group. Sex-related stratification analyses for VBM revealed that BMI was significantly and negatively correlated with the bilateral cerebellum exterior volumes only in women. In group comparisons, the left cerebellum exterior volume was significantly lower in obese women than in non-obese women. The left thalamus proper and the right cerebellum exterior volumes were significantly lower in overweight or obese group than in underweight or normal group in men and women, respectively. The bilateral cuneus and calcarine cortex, left cuneus and carcarine cortex, and bilateral cuneus volume was significantly lower in underweight men than in non-underweight men. In contrast, there were no notable findings on DTI.ConclusionOur results suggest association of continuous BMI, being overweight or obese, and being underweight with decreased gray matter volume in individuals with a wide range of BMI group. Furthermore, sex-related differences are seen in the association of BMI and its classifications with regional gray matter volume reductions. Abnormally high or low BMIs may have a negative influence on regional gray matter volumes. (shrink)

For the few scientists that earn a Nobel prize, the im-, D.J. Scalapino, G. Parisi, pact and relevance of their research work is unquestion- S.G. Louie, R. Jackiw, F. Wilczek able. Among the rest of us, how does one quantify the, C. Vafa, M.B. Maple, D.J. cumulative impact and relevance of an individual’s sci- Gross, M.S. Dresselhaus, S.W. Hawkentific research output? In a world of not unlimited reing. sources such quantification (even if potentially distaste- I argue that h is preferable (...) to other single-number cri-. (shrink)

An index listing all the places in which words occur in Thomas' Summa Theologica. Only philosophically indifferent words have been omitted. --R. G. S.