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Transports

HTTP, MCP, and WebSocket bindings for payment flows

MPP defines how the Payment authentication scheme operates over different transport protocols. The core protocol targets HTTP, with extensions for other transports like MCP and JSON-RPC.

Available transports

TransportUse CaseSpec
HTTPREST APIs, web resourcesRFC 9110
MCPAI tool calls using Model Context ProtocolMCP Transport Spec
WebSocketBidirectional payment streamsRFC 6455
JSON-RPCNon-MCP JSON-RPC servicesJSON-RPC 2.0

Transport-agnostic design

MPP's core concepts—Challenges, Credentials, and Receipts—remain the same across transports. The encoding and delivery mechanism changes:

  • HTTP uses standard headers (WWW-Authenticate, Authorization, Payment-Receipt)
  • MCP uses JSON-RPC error codes and _meta fields
  • WebSocket uses JSON message framing with an mpp discriminator

Choose the transport that matches your protocol. HTTP for REST APIs, MCP for AI agent tool calls, WebSocket for bidirectional payment streams, or JSON-RPC for non-MCP JSON-RPC services.