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Securing the future: exploring post-quantum cryptography for authentication and user privacy in IoT devices

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Abstract

With the emergence of quantum computers, traditional cryptographic methods are vulnerable to attacks, emphasizing the need for post-quantum cryptography to secure devices and networks. This review paper critically analyzes the challenges and future directions of post-quantum cryptography for Internet of Things (IoT). It provides an overview of various post-quantum cryptographic algorithms and protocols and evaluates their suitability for securing IoT devices. The paper also examines implementation challenges, such as limited computing resources and the need for lightweight post-quantum algorithms. Additionally, the paper discusses future directions of post-quantum cryptography, such as the development of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms and integration with other security measures like secure key exchange and device authentication. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of post-quantum cryptography for IoT, highlighting key issues and challenges to ensure secure deployment of IoT devices in a post-quantum world. This paper’s conclusions and recommendations will be valuable to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working in the subject of IoT security and cryptography.

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  1. Mehreen Afzal, Waseem Iqbal, Yawar Abbas are contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information Security, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Khwaja Mansoor, Mehreen Afzal, Waseem Iqbal & Yawar Abbas

  2. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khud, Muscat, 123, Oman

    Waseem Iqbal

  3. Department of Computing and Information Systems, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia

    Yawar Abbas

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All Author’s have equally contributed in the work. K.M wrote the main paper, M.A and W.I gave the main idea, Y.A reviewed the paper and did anaalysis.

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Mansoor, K., Afzal, M., Iqbal, W. et al. Securing the future: exploring post-quantum cryptography for authentication and user privacy in IoT devices. Cluster Comput 28, 93 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-024-04799-4

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