There are both cooling and warming contrails.

Here’s a short answer: For a hundred-year time span, “diverting up to 1.7% of the flights could reduce the total EF by 35.6%. The reduction in total EF is contributed almost entirely by the reduction in contrail EF, while the change in the CO2 EF as a result of a diversion appears to be negligible.”

Long answer:

In that study, they created an algorithm that would divert flights vertically if they are going to create a large contrail, and if diversion is possible (the new airspace isn’t already in use). The algorithm chooses a flight path that has the best total energy forcing (EF). They then applied that algorithm for 6 one-week periods of recorded data. Those weeks were spread around the year.

From “Supporting Information” of that research report (the main text isn’t freely available):

To compare the climate forcing of contrails and CO2 emissions, the absolute global warming potential (AGWP), the time integral of the [radiative forcing] of CO2 over time, is used as a first-order approximation to quantify the CO2 EF and total EF (contrails plus CO2)

Although approximately 25% of the emitted CO2 remains in the atmosphere after a millennium, we applied the 100-year [time horizon] to be in line with the Kyoto Protocol, and assumed that the AGWP is normally distributed in the Monte Carlo simulation

For the six weeks of data, diverting up to 1.7% of the flights could reduce the total EF by 35.6% […]. The reduction in total EF is contributed almost entirely by the reduction in contrail EF, while the change in the CO2 EF as a result of a diversion appears to be negligible.

If an AGWP of a longer [time horizon] of 1000 years […] is used to quantify the EF of CO2, this sensitivity analysis suggest that the overall reduction in the total EF will be significantly smaller at 12.2% […]. In contrast, the total EF could be reduced by up to 50.1% […] if a shorter [time horizon] of 20-years […] is used.

While the potential changes in the global mean surface temperature, quantified using the Absolute Global Temperature Potential (AGTP) are also important, we have refrained from quantifying it because the current level of scientific understanding remains low.

Even when considering a thousand-year time span, diverting the flights still has a positive effect. And we can always play with the idea that mankind figures out a way to remove CO2 from the atmosphere, which would make those numbers for shorter time spans more meaningful.

According to this one study [1] that focused on Japanese airspace, 2.2% of the flights causes 80% of all contrail energy forcing (EF).

A small-scale strategy of selectively diverting 1.7% of the fleet could reduce the contrail EF by up to 59.3% [52.4, 65.6%], with only a 0.014% [0.010, 0.017%] increase in total fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. A low-risk strategy of diverting flights only if there is no fuel penalty, thereby avoiding additional long-lived CO2 emissions, would reduce contrail EF by 20.0% [17.4, 23.0%].

The re-routing can simply be achieved by changing the flight elevation by 2000 feet one or the other direction.

[1] Teoh, Roger et al. “Mitigating the Climate Forcing of Aircraft Contrails by Small-Scale Diversions and Technology Adoption.” Environmental science & technology vol. 54,5 (2020): 2941-2950. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b05608

Speaking with my limited knowledge, there apparently are cooling contrails and warming contrails, but the warming ones are more common. I don’t know why or when the contrails are cooling or warming.

According to him, the contrails have very potent effect on global warming. Apparently, contrails from just one year’s flights has almost the same effect as all the CO2 emitted by all flights ever. Re-routing extends the flight by only so much, so the added CO2 emission has negligible effect.

That YouTube Short seems to be a valid one. It’s by someone who (according to his own words) has a PhD in atmospheric physics. Basically, he says that contrails causes global warming by preventing heat from escaping from Earth, and that contrails are mostly only formed when a plane flies through a cold humid patch. By simply re-routing planes around these cold patches, the contrails could be reduced.

Sektori is a dual-stick shooter (similar to Geometry Wars) made by two Finns.

If the maintenance cost is measured in US Dollars, I think Apple has that part covered.

9to5Linux: KDE Says Plasma Desktop Will Never Force Users to Use systemd

Have you tried to limit the download speed? Steam needs to write the downloaded data on the disk. If it downloads less, it should write less.

As I understood it, there can be specifically crafted links in Markdown documents, which, when clicked, will download a file and then execute it.

Wait until you discover KWin scripts, especially Krohnkite and Karousel.

This is the official Linux Mint installation guide: https://linuxmint-installation-guide.readthedocs.io/

Bancomat, Bizum, SIBS-MB WAY and Vipps MobilePay (all of which are members of the EuroPA Alliance) and EPI Company (EPI) jointly announce today the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), marking a decisive step towards strengthening Europe’s payment sovereignty.

At launch, the initiative will span 13 European countries[1], collectively already covering ~72% of the European Union and Norway population. The coalition is open to all European countries, including Switzerland and other non-euro markets

Following the MoU, the partners will establish the central interoperability entity by H1 2026, will start preparing the technical implementation of the target set-up, and conduct proof‑of‑concepts (PoCs) in parallel.

Coverage of all use cases is intented by 2027 through a phased rollout:

• In 2026: rollout of peer-to-peer (P2P) cross-border payments

• In 2027: rollout of e-commerce and point-of-sale (POS) payments

[1] Andorra, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain and Sweden.

Digital Euro is coming in 2029, if their current timeline holds. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/digital_euro

Windows 11 market share went from 55% on October 2025 to 62% on January 2026. That’s an increase of 7 percentage units, not a drop of 5 percentage units.

Final Fantasy VII Final Version. Followed by Final Fantasy VII Final Version II.

Have you tried to uninstall and reinstall? Or does the problem come back every upgrade?

If you want to remove the Windows entry immediately after deleting Windows, you can run this in terminal: sudo update-grub

Just a warning. Hitting the aforementioned “install” will wipe your machine’s first NVMe drive, and install SteamOS on it. It won’t ask questions.