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So, with the Cloudflare outage, I have found my self hosted services are not accessible outside of the home. I use a SWAG reverse proxy from linuxserver.io and bought my domain through cloudflare. I'm fairly new at this stuff, so is this a secure way of doing things? Does cloudflare have access to my data? I'm fairly new at ...
Not with the protections that Cloudflare provides, no. The DNS itself can be self-hosted, yes. You will likely have even more downtime from your own problems and screw-ups than you will from ever using Cloudflare. There is likely little practical benefit. But I don't think it's as hard as people make out. So without further ado:
##The really simple guide to self-hosted authoritative DNS:
"Glue records" are used to tell the root servers about your authoritative servers, and very specifically, what IP they have. For reasons that will become obvious, this needs to be a pretty static IP if possible, because the glue records will need to be changed whenever your authoritative DNS moves. Two or more authoritative DNS servers are "recommended" and in some cases assumed, but for self-hosting purposes it's really over-encouraged in my opinion. A single authoritive DNS is not ideal, but neither is self-hosting with limited resources, which is something we all do. Worst case scenario, if they force you to have two DNS servers, just use different names and set them to the same IP, that usually works. You do not need to (or want to) use glue records for ANY other DNS entries, IPs, or any normal day-to-day changes to your DNS. Only if your static IP changes.
"Glue records" are typically not hard to update, but they do often take quite a lot of time, called "propagation delay" and during that time, your DNS will be intermittent or down. In modern times I find the propagation delay for glue records is sometimes a matter of minutes and typically less than an hour for like 90% of users, but it can be up to several days in the worst case scenarios. This is why static IP is important, changing your glue records is free to do but very disruptive.
In order to actually do this, get a domain from, or transfer your existing domain to, a registrar that lets you set up glue records for self-hosting authoritative DNS. This is effectively not self-hostable, this has to be done through a registrar. In my experience, this is most of them that aren't big-names. Cloudflare is a notable exception, you should not be using them as a registrar for self-hosting authoritative DNS. I have used misk.com for decades and am happy and familiar with them, and they call these custom nameservers. I have heard the best reviews lately for porkbun.com and their documentation for the process is here](https://kb.porkbun.com/article/112-how-to-host-your-own-nameservers-with-glue-records) but I do not use them personally. "The best" is a moving target, anyway. In any case, review the documentation and support for your chosen provider to figure out how to specify a glue record, which in almost all cases is as simple as putting in a name (the traditional old-school choice is "ns" or "ns1") and an IP address associated with that name, which you will then use to specify as the "nameserver" for all your other domains. There should be no additional charge for this. Once it's "glued", then you wait. Eventually, it will start working, and third-parties outside your network will be able to ping that ns1.yourdomain.com address and get the IP you specified.
You've done the "hard" work of getting the glue pointed at your IP, but that's just a single DNS name and a single IP, and you're not actually self-hosting anything yet. Now you have to make sure an authortitative DNS server is responding on that IP so people can get all the real details for any and all of your domains right from the source, YOU, authoritatively. That's why it's called authoritative DNS, you are the final authority for your domains and everyone knows it thanks to those glue records.
This is when you fire up a DNS server, the standard traditional choice for old grumpy curmudgeons like me is "bind" (version 9) to be specific, which has all kinds of crazy functionality that you don't really care about because all you're really going to be using it for is to read a text file called a "zone" file for each of your domains, which has an ugly archaic format but at it's simplest is just an $ORIGIN line saying what domain it is, a $TTL line (how many seconds other DNS users are supposed to cache things before coming back to you to check if its changed), the SOA line which is a mess of stupid arbitrary info most of which is irrelevant these days and in this configuration, then a whole bunch of lines with other records (mostly A records for IPv4 addresses, but there are plenty of other options for different types of DNS records for various purposes)
So, install bind9, add a zone into the configuration for each of your domains that has type master; and file "/your/zone/file/path"; and create each text zone file for it to read. Then reload or restart bind, and your DNS should just start working.
It's not magic and it's really not that complicated, it's just telling someone to start pointing your domain at your server's IP, and then running a program on that IP that turns turn some text files into DNS. Then you can go ahead and make it complicated, if you want. There are lots of ways to make it complicated. This isn't one of them.
Cloudflare brings a lot of value to the table, which is why they're so popular, but there is a cost for that. They need full control of everything and have it running on their own networks so they can protect it from DDoS and other attacks. They're your bodyguard, they're standing in front of you to protect you from bad guys, but the downside is, you'll always have that guy standing in front of you. It can be kind of annoying. It's a question of priorities. If you want to self-host your DNS, you're effectively giving up Cloudflare's protections. If you want Cloudflare's protections, you're effectively giving up self-hosting DNS. Your call, either way.
Self-hosting my own DNS, I have little to no protection from DDoS attacks. Sure I get hammered by the occasional password attempt bot or data scraper that makes my server slow and overwhelmed, that mostly gets dealt with manually or with defensive monitoring tools like fail2ban. A larger, more targeted or sophisticated attack could easily wipe my sites off the internet and probably even my intranet. If it didn't stop, my only resolution would be to unplug the targeted machine or machines from the internet. Maybe unplug my whole network. And just wait it out. Maybe I'd have to rely on my phone hotspot, or even change ISPs if it refused to stop. I actually don't know, because it's never happened. If I was hosting anything controversial or highly lucrative, I might have a different experience and I might make different choices. But I'm not, I've never been attacked on a large scale for a long duration and I can't really imagine any motivation or purpose that I ever would be.
i often think about the imaginary world and its creatures me and my best friend used to create and play with as kids and even a good chunk into teen hood. on the occasions we see each other, there's sometimes a glimpse of it shining through, little inside jokes or knowing stare conversations.
we always treated it like a big secret and i don't think she has the intention of changing that. but we also always wanted to write it down as a story.
does anyone else have a rich imaginary world they played stories in as a kid? have you since returned to it or made it into art?
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I bring up DiaMat and HistMat specifically because of your statements here:
If you create human society and let it evolve in an un-constrained manner, there is a large probability that you will at some point pass through a period of capitalism.
This is not about it being “optimal for society” but is rather a meta-stable state that is easy to arrive at given a simple set of rules and initial conditions. “Human nature” refers to those rules and initial conditions. It doesn’t mean that it is a good thing, it is not unavoidable, and it is not likely to represent a global optimum or the final point in human society’s evolution.
The key inferences of Historical Materialism, oversimplified, are that each mode of production paved the way for the next. Capitalism largely arose from Feudalism. Over time, a bunch of quantitative shifts, such as improvements in technology, production, and buildup of wealth, result in qualitative shifts in the Mode of Production. The steam engine, for example, allowed factories to be set up in cities, focusing on commodity production and close living quarters, as opposed to being more spread out and largely agricultural due to being tied to the land. Capitalism is a very natural point to reach, but also has its own quantitative shifts that lead to Socialism overtaking it.
Human Nature, therefore, is malleable. It depends on the material conditions humans find themselves in, these structures and externalities are what drive change to new ideas, the old gives birth to the new. Capitalism is as much Human Nature as Socialism, as Feudalism, as Communism, as tribal hunter/gatherer societies, yet what was considered "human nature" has changed and will change yet again based on all of these modes of production.
As for history, this is a much deeper subject. If you have a specific subject you'd like to learn about, I can field some suggestions, but for a short and general historical contextualization of Socialism as it exists in the real world, there's no better work I've found than Blackshirts and Reds. Dr. Michael Parenti isn't so much a Marxist himself as he is a pro-Marxist. He supports Communists and Socialists globally, while not being some fifth-level grandmaster Marxist-Leninist. As a consequence, his writing is much more approachable for non-Marxists, and does a great job walking through why someone would support, say, the USSR, Cuba, etc while giving nuanced critique of the successes and failures of Socialism historically. His 1986 lecture is also a fantastic companion piece.
If you'll forgive the tangent, I also want to point out that people often over-focus on the issues of ghosts. People love discussing if x event was justified, y person "good" or "bad," z country "truly" Socialist or "betraying" socialism, but these aren't generally as useful as studying history so as to discover what challenges and successes are universal or local to Socialism. Socialists tend to adopt the stance of trying to learn what works and what doesn't work critically, while non-Socialists tend to boil all of Socialism down to purely the mistakes made by Socialist leaders, building up "legends" surrounding these figures in an attempt to discredit Socialism entirely. That can be why you find yourself seeing controversial claims, a large part of defending Socialism is defending it from the unjustifed attacks those opposed usually jump to, rather than the more useful critique of Socialism as it truly exists. You'll find that the best critique of Socialism in the real world comes from Socialists, and we Marxists are not afraid of genuine critique. Rather, Marx himself advocated for the "ruthless critique of all that exists."
With that all being said, that should be good to get your feet wet into theory if you want! If you prefer, I can also offer different recommendations on more specific topics in theory or history. I'm no expert, but I've read a good fair bit myself and as such have works I'm fond of, and ones I think you can save til later, if you so choose. Hope that helps!
One teeny tiny final note, I also like Why Marxism? as an introduction for why we should even study Marxism specifically. Roderic Day breaks down the importance of Marxism as a scientific framework useful for understanding humanity, how we got here, where we are going, and how to best take advantage of that knowledge.
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Self hosted DNS
So, with the Cloudflare outage, I have found my self hosted services are not accessible outside of the home. I use a SWAG reverse proxy from linuxserver.io and bought my domain through cloudflare. I'm fairly new at this stuff, so is this a secure way of doing things? Does cloudflare have access to my data? I'm fairly new at ...
[Fediverse] Le futur sera fédéré et auto-hébergé – Elena Rossini French
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