Company:DJI

SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd.

Trade name	DJI
Native name	大疆创新科技有限公司
Type	Private; partially state-owned
Industry	Technology consumer electronics videography photography
Founded	January 18, 2006; 20 years ago (2006-01-18)
Founder	Frank Wang (Wang Tao)
Headquarters	DJI Sky City, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong , China
Area served	Worldwide
Products	Unmanned aerial vehicles Camcorder Camera stabilizer Flight platform Gimbal Flight controller Propulsion system Robotics
Revenue	CN¥24 billion (US$3.83 billion)[1] (2021)
Number of employees	14,000[2] (2018)
Divisions	China Japan North America Europe Latin America
Subsidiaries	Hasselblad
Website	{{{1}}}

SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd.^[3] or Shenzhen DJI Sciences and Technologies Ltd. (Chinese: 深圳大疆创新科技有限公司; pinyin: Shēnzhèn Dà Jiāng Chuàngxīn Kējì Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī)^[4] or DJI (大疆创新; Dà Jiāng Chuàngxīn; 'Great Frontier Innovations') is a Chinese technology company headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong, backed by several state-owned entities. DJI manufactures commercial unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) for aerial photography and videography. It also designs and manufactures camera systems, gimbal stabilizers, propulsion systems, enterprise software, aerial agriculture equipment, and flight control systems.

DJI accounted for around 76% of the world's consumer drone market as of March 2021.^[5] Its camera drone technology is widely used in the music, television and film industries. The company's products have also been used by military and police forces,^[6] as well as terrorist groups, with the company taking steps to limit access to the latter.^[7]

US government institutions have prohibited the internal use of DJI products,^[8] but as of 2020, various agencies at the local and federal level continued to use DJI products.^[6] In December 2021, the United States Department of the Treasury prohibited investment in DJI by US individuals and entities, accusing the company of complicity in aiding the Uyghur genocide.^[9][10] Their drones have also been widely used in the Russian invasion of Ukraine as weapons by both parties to the war.^[11][12]

The company was founded in 2006 by Frank Wang (Wāng Tāo, 汪滔).^[13] Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, he enrolled as a college student at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) in 2003. He was part of the HKUST team participating in the ABU Robocon and won third prize.^[14]

Wang built the first prototypes of DJI's projects in his dorm room, selling the flight control components to universities and Chinese electric companies. He used the proceeds to move to the industrial hub of Shenzhen and hired a small staff in 2006. The company struggled at first with a high degree of churn among employees, attributed to Wang's abrasive personality and perfectionist expectations. The company sold a modest number of components during this period, relying on financial support from Wang's family friend, Lu Di, who provided US$90,000 and managed the company's finances.^[15] In 2009, DJI's components enabled a team to successfully pilot a drone around the peak of Mt. Everest.^[6]

In 2010, Wang hired a high school friend, Swift Xie Jia, to run the company's marketing. DJI began to cater more to drone hobbyists in markets outside of China. In 2011, Wang met Colin Guinn at a trade show, and the two of them founded DJI North America, a subsidiary company focusing on mass market drone sales. In 2013, DJI released the first model of the Phantom drone, an entry-level drone which was more user-friendly than other drones on the market at the time.

The Phantom was commercially successful but led to conflict between Guinn and Wang. Midway through the year, Wang made an offer to buy out Guinn, which was refused. By the end of the year, DJI had locked employees of the North American subsidiary out of their email accounts, in the process shutting down the subsidiary's operations. Guinn sued DJI, with the case being settled out of court.^[15]

In 2015, DJI eclipsed the success of the Phantom with the Phantom 3, whose even greater popularity was in part due to the addition of a built-in live-streaming camera.^[6] DJI was now the largest consumer drone company in the world,^[16] driving many of its competitors out of the market.^[6] 2015 also marked the beginning of DJI's RoboMaster Robotics Competition (机甲大师赛), an annual international collegiate robot combat tournament held at the Shenzhen Bay Sports Centre.^[17]

In November 2015, DJI announced the establishment of a strategic partnership with Hasselblad.^[18] In January 2019, DJI acquired a majority stake in Hasselblad.^[19]

In 2017, DJI won a Technology and Engineering Emmy Award for its camera drone technology, which was used in the filming of various television shows including The Amazing Race, American Ninja Warrior, Better Call Saul and Game of Thrones.^[20] That same year, Wang became Asia's youngest tech billionaire,^[21] and the world's first drone billionaire.^[22]

Also in 2017, DJI signed a strategic cooperation agreement to provide surveillance drones for use by the Chinese police in Xinjiang.^[6]

On June 5, 2018, police body cam and Taser maker Axon announced a partnership with DJI to sell surveillance drones to US police departments.^[23][24] As of 2020, DJI products were also widely used by US police and fire departments.^[6]

On January 21 January 2019, DJI announced that an internal probe had uncovered "extensive" fraud by some employees who "inflated the costs of parts and materials for certain products for personal financial gain."^[25] DJI estimated the cost of the fraud at "up to CN¥1 billion" (US$147 million), but maintained that the company "did not incur a full-year loss in 2018."^[26]

In January 2020, the United States Department of the Interior announced that it would be grounding around 800 drones, which it had been using for wildlife conservation and infrastructure monitoring purposes. By March 2020, DJI had retained 77% of the US market share for consumer drones, with no other company holding more than 4%.^[6]

In 2020, DJI drones were being used by many countries around the world to combat the Coronavirus.^[27] In China, DJI drones were used by the police force to remind people to wear masks. In other countries, such as Morocco and Saudi Arabia, their drones were used to disinfect urban areas and monitor human temperatures in order to contain the spread of the Coronavirus.^[28]

In April 2023, a US jury found that DJI's drones with automatic hovering capabilities violated Textron's patents related to drone flight control systems. The federal court ordered DJI to pay $279 million in damages.^[29]

In 2018, DJI raised roughly $1 billion in funds in preparation for an envisioned IPO on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.^[30] As of July 2020, these rumors persisted with no indication that an IPO is forthcoming.^[31] The company had previously raised $500 million in a 2015 funding round from investors including state-owned New China Life Insurance, GIC, and New Horizon Capital, the latter being co-founded by the son of China's former premier minister, Wen Jiabao.^[32]

DJI has also received investment from Shanghai Venture Capital Co., SDIC Unity Capital, owned by the State Development & Investment Corporation, and China Chengtong Holdings Group, owned by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council.^[9]

DJI counts roughly 14,000 employees and has 17 offices internationally.^[33] The company is known for having a very difficult hiring process as well as an extremely competitive internal culture where teams are often pitted against each other to design better products.^[6]

DJI's factories in Shenzhen include highly sophisticated automated assembly lines. Many of the components for these assembly lines are built in-house.^[6]

The DJI Phantom 4 was a popular drone model that was released in 2016.

Model	A2	Naza V2	Wookong-M	Naza-M Lite
Number of motors supported	4–8	4–8	4–8	4–6
Has built-in receiver	yes (2.4 GHz)	no	no	no
Hovering accuracy (m)	vertical: ±0.5m / horizontal: ±1.5m	vertical: ±0.8m / horizontal: ±2.5m	vertical: ±0.5m / horizontal: ±2m	vertical: ±0.8m / horizontal: ±2.5m
Motor-rotor configuration	quad-rotor: +4,X4; hex-rotor: +6,X6,Y6,Rev Y6; octo-rotor: +8,X8,V8	quad-rotor: I4, X4; hex-rotor: I6, X6, IY6, Y6; octo-rotor: I8,V8,X8	quad-rotor: +4,X4; hex-rotor: +6,X6,Y6,Rev Y6; octo-rotor: +8,X8,V8	quad-rotor I4, X4; hex-rotor I6, X6, IY6, Y6

Module	Lightbridge	PMU (A2, Wookong, Naza V2, Naza Lite)	iOSD MARK II	iOSD mini	BTU
Type (Purpose)	Video Downlink	Power Management	On-Screen Display	On-Screen Display	Bluetooth Link
Works With	A2, Wookong-M, Naza V2	A2, Wookong-M, Naza V2, Naza-M Lite	A2, Wookong-M, Naza V2	A2, Wookong-M, Naza V2	Naza V2
Interface	CAN Bus	CAN Bus, Battery Connection	CAN Bus	CAN Bus	CAN Bus
Battery Requirements	4S-6S Lipo	4S-12S Lipo	4S Lipo and Shared Flight Controller Power	2S Lipo and Shared Flight Controller Power	Shared Flight Controller Power

The Flame Wheel (风火轮) series are multirotor platforms for aerial photography. As of 2016, there is the hexacopter F550 and the quadcopters F330 and F450. The most recent is the ARF KIT.

Model	Flame Wheel F330	Flame Wheel F450	Flame Wheel F550
Diagonal wheelbase (cm)	33	45	69
Frame weight (g)	156	282	478
Take-off weight (g)	600–1250	800–1600	1200–2400

The Phantom (精灵) series has evolved to integrate flight programming with a camera, Wi-Fi or Lightbridge connectivity, and the pilot's mobile device.^[34] Phantoms are made for aerial cinematography and photography applications,^[35] but they are also used for recreational purposes.^[36]

Released in May 2017, the Spark (晓) features a 12-megapixel camera stabilized mechanically by a 2-axis gimbal. The Spark also carries an advanced infrared 3D camera that helps the drone detect obstacles in front of it as well as facilitate hand-gesture control. In addition to a smartphone app with a virtual controller, a physical controller can also be bought.^[37]

There have been multiple complaints that the drone switches off and falls while flying.^[38] DJI responded to this by releasing a mandatory battery firmware update in August 2017.^[39]

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The Mavic (御) series currently includes Mavic Pro, Mavic Pro Platinum, Mavic Air, Mavic Air 2, Air 2S, Mavic 2 Pro, Mavic 2 Zoom, Mavic 2 Enterprise, Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced, Mavic 3, Mavic 3 Cine, Mavic 3 Pro, Mavic 3 Pro Cine, Mavic 3 Classic, Mavic Mini, Mini SE, Mini 2, Mini 3 and Mini 3 Pro. The release of the Mavic Air 2 was not without controversy, however, as DJI announced that a key safety feature, AirSense (ADS-B), would not be available on models outside the US.^[40] Shortages on components and complexities of production owing to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis at the time were blamed.

Starting with the Mini 2, the Mavic name was dropped from most of the new models, such as the Air 2S and the Mini SE.

DJI released the Air 2S on April 15, 2021.^[41]

The DJI Mavic 3 and the Mavic 3 Cine were released on November 4, 2021. The Mavic 3 superseded the Mavic 2 Pro and the Mavic 2 Zoom and was priced for prosumers and professionals more than hobbyists. The Mavic 3 Enterprise and Mavic 3 Thermal were released on September 27, 2022, and superseded the Phantom 4 RTK and Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced drones in surveying, inspection, safety, and rescue tasks.^[42] The DJI Mavic 3 Pro and Pro Cine were released in May 2023, with both versions having three cameras.^[43]

The Inspire series is a professional series of camera quadcopters similar to the Phantom line, but with an aluminium-magnesium body with carbon fibre arms, as well as detachable props on the Inspire 2. It was presented in 2017.^[44]

Inspire specifications:

Model	Inspire 1	Inspire 1 Pro	Inspire 2	Inspire 3
Weight	3060 g (includes propellers, battery, and Zenmuse X3)	3400 g (includes battery, propellers, and Zenmuse X5)	3440 g (includes propellers and two batteries, without gimbal and camera)	3995 g (includes gimbal camera, two batteries, lens, PROSSD, and propellers)
Max Takeoff Weight	3500 g	3500 g	4250 g	4310 g
Hovering Accuracy Range	Vertical: ± 0.5 m (with GPS positioning) Horizontal: ± 2.5 m (with GPS positioning)	Vertical: ± 0.5 m (with GPS positioning) Horizontal: ± 2.5 m (with GPS positioning)	Vertical: ± 0.5 m (with GPS positioning) ± 0.1 m (with Downward Vision System enabled) Horizontal: ± 1.5 m (with GPS positioning) ± 0.3 m (with Downward Vision System enabled)	Vertical: ± 0.1 m (with vision positioning) ± 0.5 m (with GNSS/GPS positioning) ± 0.1 m (with RTK positioning) Horizontal: ± 0.3 m (with vision positioning) ± 0.5 m (with GNSS/GPS positioning) ± 0.1 m (with RTK positioning)
Max Angular Velocity	Pitch: 300°/s Yaw: 150°/s	Pitch: 300°/s Yaw: 150°/s	Pitch: 300°/s Yaw: 150°/s	Pitch: 200º/s Yaw: 150º/s Roll: 200º/s
Max Tilt Angle	35°	35°	P-mode: 35º P-mode with Forward Vision System enabled: 25º A-mode: 35º S-mode: 40º	N Mode: 35° S Mode: 40° A Mode: 35° T Mode: 20° Emergency Brake: 55°
Max Ascent Speed	5 m/s	5 m/s	P-mode: 5 m/s A-mode: 5 m/s S-mode: 6 m/s	8 m/s
Max Descent Speed	4 m/s	4 m/s	Vertical: 4 m/s Tilt: 9 m/s	Vertical: 8 m/s Tilt: 10 m/s
Max Speed	21.9 m/s (ATTI mode, no wind)	18 m/s (ATTI mode, no wind)	26 m/s (Sport mode, no wind)	26 m/s (Sport mode, no wind)
Max Service Ceiling Above Sea Level	Standard Propellers: 2500 m Specially-Designed Propellers: 4500 m	Standard Propellers: 2500 m Specially-Designed Propellers: 4500 m	Standard Propellers: 2500 m Specially-Designed Propellers: 5000 m	Standard Propellers: 3800 m High-Altitude Propellers: 7000 m
Max Wind Speed Resistance	10 m/s	10 m/s	10 m/s	Takeoff/land: 12 m/s In-flight: 14 m/s
Operating Temperature Range	-10° to 40 °C	-10 to 40 °C	-20 to 40 °C	-20º to 40 °C
Max Flight Time (Hovering)	approx. 18 minutes	approx. 15 minutes	approx. 27 minutes	approx. 25 minutes
Release Date	November 13, 2014	January 5, 2016	November 16, 2016	April 13, 2023

On March 2, 2021, DJI announced the launch of the DJI FPV, an entirely new type of hybrid drone combining the first-person view (FPV) and high-speed performance of racing drones, the cinematic camera and reliability of traditional consumer drones, and an optional innovative motion controller that allows pilots to control the drone with just single-handed movements. Based on DJI's earlier Digital FPV system, the drone features high-performance motors for a maximum air speed of 140 km/h (87 mph) and a 0–100 km acceleration of just 2 seconds under manual mode, an intuitive user interface and the latest safety features for greater flight control. The new FPV system lets pilots see from the drone's perspective in low-latency high-definition video thanks to "O3", the third iteration of DJI's proprietary OcuSync technology. It allows pilots to capture ultra-smooth and stable 4K video at 60 fps with the stabilization of RockSteady electronic image stabilization.

The Spreading Wings (筋斗云) series are mainly industrial UAVs for professional aerial photography, high definition 3D mapping, ultra-light search and rescue, and surveillance etc. based on camera gear on board. In 2013, two models were released: S800 regular and EVO.

Model	Spreading Wings S800	Spreading Wings S800 EVO	Spreading Wings S900	Spreading Wings S1000
Diagonal wheelbase (cm)	80	80	90	104.5
Empty weight (kg)	2.6	3.7	3.3	4.2
Take-off weight (kg)	5–7	6–8	4.7–8.2	6–11
Endurance (min)	16	20	18	15
Operating temperature (°C)	—	—	- 10 to 40	- 10 to 40

The Matrice (经纬) series is designed for industrial applications, including surveying, inspection, search and rescue and firefighting.^[45]

The Matrice 100 is a fully programmable and customizable drone, launched on July 6, 2015.^[46] It has expansion bay and communication ports, which allows developers to add additional components for different purposes.^[47]

Agras is DJI's agricultural drone series with a takeoff weight of 25–80 kg. These drones are used for spraying crops. Agras models have environmental protection and have IP67 rating for core parts and IP54 rating for batteries.^[48]

The Ronin (如影) is a standalone ground-based camera platform developed for cinematography and aerial filmmaking in professional environments. It is built for professional videography and photography and targets the film industry. By using three individual motors, Ronin stabilizes when moving vigorously. Later models of the Ronin include the Ronin-M, Ronin 2, Ronin-S, Ronin-SC, and the Ronin 4D.^[49][50]

The Osmo (灵眸) is a camcorder developed by DJI. The camera uses a smartphone to view camera footage and can record 4K and take either 12–16 MP stills. Later models include the Osmo Pocket and the Osmo Action.^[51][52]

The Osmo Mobile relies on the user's smartphone as the camera. Most smartphones are accepted into the gimbal with a width range of 2.31–3.34 inch (58.6–84.8 mm). The original Osmo Mobile was superseded by the Mobile Osmo 2^[53] and in August 2019 the Osmo Mobile 3.

The DJI FPV series are head-mounted displays designed for FPV drone flying. There are two different product lines in the FPV series, the DJI Goggles (DJI飞行眼镜) and the Digital FPV System (FPV数字图传系统). The DJI Goggles are designed to interface with DJI-branded drones, using dual LC display screens, wireless connectivity and direct photo and video capture control. In November 2017, DJI also released DJI Goggles RE ("Racing Edition"), which featured compatibility with racing quadcopters.^[54] The DJI Digital FPV System and O3 Air Unit are standalone systems designed for non-DJI products, including custom-built FPV drones.

On 11 June 2019, DJI unveiled the RoboMaster S1 (机甲大师 S1), its first consumer ground drone, named after DJI's annual RoboMaster robot combat competition, of which it is now an unofficial mascot. The S1 is a tank-like rover remotely controlled in