java.util

Class Scanner

java.lang.Object

java.util.Scanner

All Implemented Interfaces:

Closeable, AutoCloseable, Iterator<String>

public final class Scanner
extends Object
implements Iterator<String>, Closeable

A simple text scanner which can parse primitive types and strings using regular expressions.

A Scanner breaks its input into tokens using a delimiter pattern, which by default matches whitespace. The resulting tokens may then be converted into values of different types using the various next methods.

For example, this code allows a user to read a number from System.in:

     Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
     int i = sc.nextInt();
 

As another example, this code allows long types to be assigned from entries in a file myNumbers:

      Scanner sc = new Scanner(new File("myNumbers"));
      while (sc.hasNextLong()) {
          long aLong = sc.nextLong();
      }

The scanner can also use delimiters other than whitespace. This example reads several items in from a string:

     String input = "1 fish 2 fish red fish blue fish";
     Scanner s = new Scanner(input).useDelimiter("\\s*fish\\s*");
     System.out.println(s.nextInt());
     System.out.println(s.nextInt());
     System.out.println(s.next());
     System.out.println(s.next());
     s.close(); 

prints the following output:

     1
     2
     red
     blue 

The same output can be generated with this code, which uses a regular expression to parse all four tokens at once:

     String input = "1 fish 2 fish red fish blue fish";
     Scanner s = new Scanner(input);
     s.findInLine("(\\d+) fish (\\d+) fish (\\w+) fish (\\w+)");
     MatchResult result = s.match();
     for (int i=1; i<=result.groupCount(); i++)
         System.out.println(result.group(i));
     s.close(); 

The default whitespace delimiter used by a scanner is as recognized by Character.isWhitespace. The reset() method will reset the value of the scanner's delimiter to the default whitespace delimiter regardless of whether it was previously changed.

A scanning operation may block waiting for input.

The next() and hasNext() methods and their primitive-type companion methods (such as nextInt() and hasNextInt()) first skip any input that matches the delimiter pattern, and then attempt to return the next token. Both hasNext and next methods may block waiting for further input. Whether a hasNext method blocks has no connection to whether or not its associated next method will block.

The findInLine(java.lang.String), findWithinHorizon(java.lang.String, int), and skip(java.util.regex.Pattern) methods operate independently of the delimiter pattern. These methods will attempt to match the specified pattern with no regard to delimiters in the input and thus can be used in special circumstances where delimiters are not relevant. These methods may block waiting for more input.

When a scanner throws an InputMismatchException, the scanner will not pass the token that caused the exception, so that it may be retrieved or skipped via some other method.

Depending upon the type of delimiting pattern, empty tokens may be returned. For example, the pattern "\\s+" will return no empty tokens since it matches multiple instances of the delimiter. The delimiting pattern "\\s" could return empty tokens since it only passes one space at a time.

A scanner can read text from any object which implements the Readable interface. If an invocation of the underlying readable's Readable.read(java.nio.CharBuffer) method throws an IOException then the scanner assumes that the end of the input has been reached. The most recent IOException thrown by the underlying readable can be retrieved via the ioException() method.

When a Scanner is closed, it will close its input source if the source implements the Closeable interface.

A Scanner is not safe for multithreaded use without external synchronization.

Unless otherwise mentioned, passing a null parameter into any method of a Scanner will cause a NullPointerException to be thrown.

A scanner will default to interpreting numbers as decimal unless a different radix has been set by using the useRadix(int) method. The reset() method will reset the value of the scanner's radix to 10 regardless of whether it was previously changed.

Localized numbers

An instance of this class is capable of scanning numbers in the standard formats as well as in the formats of the scanner's locale. A scanner's initial locale is the value returned by the Locale.getDefault() method; it may be changed via the useLocale(java.util.Locale) method. The reset() method will reset the value of the scanner's locale to the initial locale regardless of whether it was previously changed.

The localized formats are defined in terms of the following parameters, which for a particular locale are taken from that locale's DecimalFormat object, df, and its and DecimalFormatSymbols object, dfs.

LocalGroupSeparator	The character used to separate thousands groups, i.e., dfs.getGroupingSeparator()
LocalDecimalSeparator	The character used for the decimal point, i.e., dfs.getDecimalSeparator()
LocalPositivePrefix	The string that appears before a positive number (may be empty), i.e., df.getPositivePrefix()
LocalPositiveSuffix	The string that appears after a positive number (may be empty), i.e., df.getPositiveSuffix()
LocalNegativePrefix	The string that appears before a negative number (may be empty), i.e., df.getNegativePrefix()
LocalNegativeSuffix	The string that appears after a negative number (may be empty), i.e., df.getNegativeSuffix()
LocalNaN	The string that represents not-a-number for floating-point values, i.e., dfs.getNaN()
LocalInfinity	The string that represents infinity for floating-point values, i.e., dfs.getInfinity()

Number syntax

The strings that can be parsed as numbers by an instance of this class are specified in terms of the following regular-expression grammar, where Rmax is the highest digit in the radix being used (for example, Rmax is 9 in base 10).

NonASCIIDigit ::	= A non-ASCII character c for which Character.isDigit(c) returns true
Non0Digit ::	= [1-Rmax] | NonASCIIDigit
Digit ::	= [0-Rmax] | NonASCIIDigit
GroupedNumeral ::	= ( Non0Digit Digit? Digit? ( LocalGroupSeparator Digit Digit Digit )+ )
Numeral ::	= ( ( Digit+ ) | GroupedNumeral )
Integer ::	= ( [-+]? ( Numeral ) )
	| LocalPositivePrefix Numeral LocalPositiveSuffix
	| LocalNegativePrefix Numeral LocalNegativeSuffix
DecimalNumeral ::	= Numeral
	| Numeral LocalDecimalSeparator Digit*
	| LocalDecimalSeparator Digit+
Exponent ::	= ( [eE] [+-]? Digit+ )
Decimal ::	= ( [-+]? DecimalNumeral Exponent? )
	| LocalPositivePrefix DecimalNumeral LocalPositiveSuffix Exponent?
	| LocalNegativePrefix DecimalNumeral LocalNegativeSuffix Exponent?
HexFloat ::	= [-+]? 0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]*\.[0-9a-fA-F]+ ([pP][-+]?[0-9]+)?
NonNumber ::	= NaN | LocalNan | Infinity | LocalInfinity
SignedNonNumber ::	= ( [-+]? NonNumber )
	| LocalPositivePrefix NonNumber LocalPositiveSuffix
	| LocalNegativePrefix NonNumber LocalNegativeSuffix
Float ::	= Decimal
	| HexFloat
	| SignedNonNumber

Whitespace is not significant in the above regular expressions.

Since:

1.5

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor and Description
Scanner(File source) Constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified file.
Scanner(File source, String charsetName) Constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified file.
Scanner(InputStream source) Constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified input stream.
Scanner(InputStream source, String charsetName) Constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified input stream.
Scanner(Path source) Constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified file.
Scanner(Path source, String charsetName) Constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified file.
Scanner(Readable source) Constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified source.
Scanner(ReadableByteChannel source) Constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified channel.
Scanner(ReadableByteChannel source, String charsetName) Constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified channel.
Scanner(String source) Constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified string.

Method Summary

Methods

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
void	close() Closes this scanner.
Pattern	delimiter() Returns the Pattern this Scanner is currently using to match delimiters.
String	findInLine(Pattern pattern) Attempts to find the next occurrence of the specified pattern ignoring delimiters.
String	findInLine(String pattern) Attempts to find the next occurrence of a pattern constructed from the specified string, ignoring delimiters.
String	findWithinHorizon(Pattern pattern, int horizon) Attempts to find the next occurrence of the specified pattern.
String	findWithinHorizon(String pattern, int horizon) Attempts to find the next occurrence of a pattern constructed from the specified string, ignoring delimiters.
boolean	hasNext() Returns true if this scanner has another token in its input.
boolean	hasNext(Pattern pattern) Returns true if the next complete token matches the specified pattern.
boolean	hasNext(String pattern) Returns true if the next token matches the pattern constructed from the specified string.
boolean	hasNextBigDecimal() Returns true if the next token in this scanner's input can be interpreted as a BigDecimal using the nextBigDecimal() method.
boolean