Papers

* Graduate student authors, for whom Dr. Marshall serves or served as the students primary research supervisor, are highlighted in bold; postdoctoral scholars highlighted with underline.

2025

Cannon, J. M., R. Dick, B. Fragomeni, H. Gebhardt, S. Wankmueller, A. Tribble, S. Orlandella, M. Feinland, and R. A. Marshall (2025), A Modern VLF Radio Receiver Designed for the Array for VLF Imaging of the D-Region (AVID), IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 63, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2025.3607146.
Shane, A. D., R. A. Marshall, A. M. Wold, X. C. Shen, and W. Li (2025), Lightning generated whistlers: Variability of eventbased wave distributions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 130 (8), e2025JA034164.
Chism, C. T., R. A. Marshall, A. Aguilar-Nadalini, S. Knappe, D. Malaspina, K. J. Hughes, M. Ellmeier, S. Wankmueller, C. Cunningham, T. Maydew, and O. Alem (2025), Design of a vectorized rubidium scalar magnetometer for SmallSat applications, Advances in Space Research, ISSN 0273-1177, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2025.07.011.
Cerfolli, L., J.-F. Ripoll, R. B. Horne, A. M. Wold, and R. A. Marshall (2025), Ray tracing of very low frequency waves produced by active experiments or lightning events at low Earth orbit, Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 26 (2025), pp. 285-294. doi:10.5802/crphys.238.
Teysseyre, P., C. Briand, R. Marshall and M. Cohen (2025), E ect of ground conductivity on VLF wave propagation, Radio Science, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1-16, March 2025, doi: 10.1029/2024RS008150.
Pan, Y., W. Xu, X. Gu, B. Ni, J. M. Pettit, H. Nesse, J. Feng, S. Wang, W. Cheng, H. Xu, W. Ma, D. Zhai, H. Shi, and R. A. Marshall (2025). WACCM simulation of polar ozone response to relativistic electron precipitation. Geophysical Research Letters, 52, e2024GL114012, doi:10.1029/2024GL114012
Reid, R. A., and Marshall, R. (2025), An instrument concept for high-resolution observations of the solar wind electron strahl using coded aperture imaging. Earth and Space Science, 12, e2024EA003814, doi:10.1029/2024EA003814

2024

Feinland, M., Blum, L. W., Marshall, R. A., Gan, L., Shumko, M., & Looper, M. (2024), Lightning induced relativistic electron precipitation from the inner radiation belt. Nature Communications, 15(1), 8721.
Wold, A. M., Marshall, R. A., Malaspina, D. M., & Shane, A. D. (2024), Prevalence and propagation of lightning-generated whistlers in Van Allen Probes EFW burst data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129(9), e2024JA032781.
Reid, R. A. and R. A. Marshall (2024), Coded Aperture Imaging for Electron Pitch Angle Observations, Earth and Space Science, accepted.
Capannolo, L., Marshall, R., Li, W., Berland, G., Duderstadt, K., Sivadas, N., et al (2024), Unraveling the atmospheric energy input and ionization due to EMIC-driven electron precipitation from ELFIN observations. AGU Advances, 5, e2023AV001096, doi:10.1029/2023AV001096
Vankawala, P. M., R. A. Marshall, D. Vida and P. Brown (2024), An observational investigation of very low frequency radio emissions originating from meteors. Planetary and Space Science, 245, 105892, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2024.105892.
Tarnecki, L. K., Marshall, R. A., Brown, P., & Stober, G. (2024), Mass estimation from simultaneous optical and radar meteor observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, e2023JA032281, doi:10.1029/2023JA032281

2023

Berland, G. D., Marshall, R. A., Capannolo, L., McCarthy, M. P., & Zheng, L. (2023), Kinetic modeling of radiation belt electrons with Geant4 to study energetic particle precipitation in Earth's atmosphere. Earth and Space Science, 10, e2023EA002987, doi:10.1029/2023EA002987
Shane, A. D., Marshall, R. A., Claudepierre, S. G., & Pettit, J. M. (2023), Electron lifetimes measured at LEO: Comparison with RBSP estimates and pitch angle resolved lifetimes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128, e2023JA031679, doi:10.1029/2023JA031679.
Juarez Madera, D., Marshall, R. A., Elschot, S., Kaeppler, S., Reyes, P., Varney, R. H., and Crew, A. B. (2023), Time-dependent inversion of energetic electron precipitation spectra from ground based Incoherent Scatter Radar measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128,
e2022JA031000, doi:10.1029/2022JA031000.
Tarnecki, L. K., Marshall, R. A., Fontanese, J., Sternovsky, Z., and Munsat, T. (2023), Experimentally derived luminous e ciencies for aluminum and iron at meteoric speeds. Geophysical Research Letters, 50, e2023GL103016, doi:10.1029/2023GL103016.
Berland, G. D., R. A. Marshall, C. Martin, J. Buescher, R. A. Kohnert, S. Boyajian, C. M. Cully, M. P. McCarthy, and W. Xu (2023), The atmospheric X-ray imaging spectrometer (AXIS) instrument: Quantifying energetic particle precipitation through bremsstrahlung X-ray imaging. Review of Scientic Instruments, 94, 023103, doi:10.1063/5.0127272.
Gasdia, F., and Marshall, R. A. (2023), A method for imaging energetic particle precipitation with subionospheric VLF signals. Earth and Space Science, 10, e2022EA002460, doi:10.1029/2022EA002460

2022

Kaeppler, S. R., R. Marshall, E. R. Sanchez, D. H. Juarez Madera, R. Troyer, and A. N. Jaynes (2022), pyGPI5: A python D- and E-region chemistry and ionization model. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Science, 9:1028042, doi:10.3389/fspas.2022.1028042.
Ma, Q., Xu, W., Sanchez, E. R., Marshall, R. A., Bortnik, J., Reyes, P. M., et al. (2022), Analysis of electron precipitation and ionospheric density enhancements due to hiss using incoherent scatter radar and Arase observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2022JA030545, doi:10.1029/2022JA030545.
Sanchez, E. R., Ma, Q., Xu, W., Marshall, R. A., Bortnik, J., Reyes, P., et al. (2022), A test of energetic particle precipitation models using simultaneous incoherent scatter radar and Van Allen Probes observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2021JA030179, doi:10.1029/2021JA030179
Reid, R. A., Marshall, R. A., Starks, M. J., Usanova, M. E., Wilson, G. R., Johnston, W. R., et al. (2022), Active VLF transmission experiments between the DSX and VPM spacecraft. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2021JA030087, doi:10.1029/2021JA030087.
Usanova, M. E., Reid, R. A., Xu, W., Marshall, R. A., Starks, M. J., & Wilson, G. R. (2022), Using VLF transmitter signals at LEO for plasmasphere model validation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2022JA030345, doi:10.1029/2022JA030345.
Berge, N., Celestin, S., Garnung, M. B., Xu, W., Marshall, R. A., & Cummer, S. A. (2022), Modeling low-frequency radio emissions from Terrestrial Gamma ray Flash sources. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 127, e2021JD036040, doi:10.1029/2021JD036040.

2021

Marshall, R. A., Sousa, A., Reid, R., Wilson, G., Starks, M., Ramos, D., et al. (2021), The micro-Broadband Receiver (uBBR) on the Very-Low-Frequency Propagation Mapper (VPM) CubeSat, Earth and Space Science, 8, e2021EA001951.
Antunes de Sa, A. L., Marshall, R., and Deierling, W. (2021), Energetic intracloud lightning in the RELAMPAGO eldcampaign, EarthandSpaceScience, 8, e2021EA001856, doi:10.1029/2021EA001856.
Xu, W., Marshall, R. A., Kero, A., and Sousa, A. (2021), Chemical response of the upper atmosphere due to lightning-induced electron precipitation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2021JD034914, doi:10.1029/2021JD034914.
Antunes de Sa, A., Marshall, R., and Deierling, W. (2021), Lightning Geolocation and Flash Rates from LF Radio Observations During the RELAMPAGO Field Campaign, Earth and Space Science, 8, e2021EA001813, doi:10.1029/2021EA001813.
Xu, W., Marshall, R. A., and Tobiska, W. K. (2021), A Method for Calculating Atmospheric Radiation Produced by Relativistic Electron Precipitation, Space Weather, 19, e2021SW002735, doi:10.1029/2021SW002735.
Tarnecki, L. K., Marshall, R. A., Stober, G., and Kero, J. (2021), Meteoroid mass estimation based on single-frequency radar cross section measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2021JA029525, doi:10.1029/2021JA029525
Gasdia, F., and Marshall, R. A. (2021), A New Longwave Mode Propagator for the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2021.3083753.
Sugar, G., Marshall, R., Oppenheim, M. M., Dimant, Y. S., and Close, S. (2021), Simulation-derived radar cross sections of a new meteor head plasma distribution model, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2021JA029171, doi:10.1029/2021JA029171.
Xu, W., Marshall, R. A., Bortnik, J., and Bonnell, J. W. (2021), An electron density model of the D- and E-region ionosphere for transionospheric VLF propagation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2021JA029288, doi:10.1029/2021JA029288.
Burns, S., F. Gasdia, J. J. Simpson, and R. A. Marshall (2021), 3-D FDTD Modeling of Long Distance VLF Propagation in the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, doi:10.1109/TAP.2021.3070621.
Nesbitt, S. W., P. V. Salio, E. Avila, P. Bitzer, L. Carey, V. Chandrasekar, W. Deierling, F. Dominguez, M. E. Dillon, C. M. Garcia, D. Gochis, S. Goodman, D. A. Hence, K. A. Kosiba, M. R. Kumjian, T. Lang, L. M. Luna, J. Marquis, R. Marshall, L. A. McMurdie, E. L. Nascimento, K. L. Rasmussen, R. Roberts, A. K. Rowe, J. J. Ruiz, E. F. M. T. Sao Sabbas, A. C. Saulo, R. S. Schumacher, Y. G. Skabar, L. A. Toledo Machado, R. J. Trapp, A. Varble, J. Wilson, J. Wurman, E. J. Zipser, I. Arias, H. Bechis, and M. A. Grover (2021), A storm safari in Subtropical South America: proyecto RELAMPAGO, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0029.1.

2020

Borovsky, J. E., G. L. Delzanno, E. E. Dors, M. F. Thomsen, E. R.Sanchez, M. G. Henderson, R. A. Marshall, B. E. Gilchrist, G. Miars, B. E. Carlsten, S. A. Storms, M. A. Holloway, and D. Nguyen (2020), Solving the auroral-arc-generator question by using an electron beam to unambiguously connect critical magnetospheric measurements to auroral images, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 206, 105310, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105310.
Xu, W., Marshall, R. A., Tyss y, H. N., and Fang, X. (2020), A generalized method for calculating atmospheric ionization by energetic electron precipitation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125, e2020JA028482, doi:10.1029/2020JA028482.
Antunes de Sa, A., R. A. Marshall, A. P. Sousa, A. Viets, and Deierling, W. (2020), An array of low-cost, high-speed, autonomous electric eld mills for thunderstorm research, Earth and Space Science, 7, e2020EA001309, doi:10.1029/2020EA001309.
Marshall, R. A., W. Xu, T. Woods, C. Cully, A. Jaynes, C. Randall, D. Baker, M. McCarthy, H. E. Spence, G. Berland, A. Wold, and E. Davis (2020), The AEPEX Mission: Imaging Energetic Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere through its Bremsstrahlung X-ray Signatures, Advances in Space Research, Vol. 66, Issue 1, pp. 6682, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2020.03.003.
Sung, C. Y., P. Brown, and R. Marshall (2020), A two year survey for VLF emission from reballs, Planetary and Space Science, 184, 104872.
Antunes de Sa, A., and R. A. Marshall (2020), Lightning Distance Estimation Using LF Lightning Radio Signals Via Machine-Learned Models, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2020.2972153.
Limonta, L., S. Close, and R. A. Marshall (2020), A technique for inferring lower thermospheric neutral density from meteoroid ablation, Planetary and Space Science, 180, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2019.104735.

2019

Marshall, R. A., W. Xu, A. Sousa, M. McCarthy, and R. Millan (2019), X-ray signatures of lightning induced electron precipitation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 124, doi:10.1029/2019JA027044.
Gasdia, F. and R. A. Marshall (2019), Assimilating VLF Transmitter Observations with an LETKF for Spatial Estimates of the D-region Ionosphere, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2019.2957716.
Sanchez, E. R., A. T. Powis, I. D. Kaganovich, R. Marshall, P. Porazik, J. Johnson, M. Greklek-Mckeon, K. S. Amin, D. Shaw, and M. Nicolls (2019), Relativistic Particle Beams as a Resource to Solve Outstanding Problems in Space Physics, Front. Astron. Space Sci, 6, 71, doi: 10.3389/fspas.2019.00071.
Ramos, D., G. Wilson, A. Sousa, R. Marshall, K. Brunetto, J. Ballenthin, R. Kay, J. Patton, S. Quigley, J. Fennelly, M. Starks, T. Willet-Gies, S. Tullino, I. Linscott, and U. Inan (2019), A CubeSat receiver for the study of VLF-waves at LEO, Proc. SPIE 11131, CubeSats and SmallSats for Remote Sensing III, 111310P (30 August 2019), doi:10.1117/12.2530479.
Xu, W., R. A. Marshall, A. Kero, E. Turunen, D. Drob, J. Sojka, and D. Rice (2019), VLF Measurements and Modeling of the D-region Response to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 57, 10, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2019.2914920.
Xu, W., S. Celestin, V. P. Pasko, and R. A. Marshall (2019), Compton Scattering Effects on the Spectral and Temporal Properties of Terrestrial Gammaray Flashes, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, doi: 10.1029/2019JA026941.
Marshall, R. A., W. Xu, A. Kero, R. Kabirzadeh, and E. Sanchez (2019), Atmospheric Effects of a Relativistic Electron Beam Injected From Above: Chemistry, Electrodynamics, and Radio Scattering. Front. Astron. Space Sci. 6:6. doi: 10.3389/fspas.2019.00006.
Xu, W., and R. A. Marshall (2019), Characteristics of energetic electron precipitation estimated from simulated bremsstrahlung Xray distributions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 124, doi:10.1029/2018JA026273.

2018

Cohen, M. B., N. C. Gross, M. A. Higginson-Rollins, R. A. Marshall, M. Golkowski, W. Liles, et al. (2018), The lower ionospheric VLF/LF response to the 2017 Great American Solar Eclipse observed across the continent, Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 33483355, doi:10.1002/2018GL077351.
Xu, W., R. A. Marshall, X. Fang, E. Turunen, and A. Kero (2018), On the e ects of bremsstrahlung radiation during energetic electron precipitation, Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 11671176, doi:10.1002/2017GL076510.
Marshall, R. A., and J. Bortnik (2018), Pitch angle dependence of energetic electron precipitation: Energy deposition, backscatter, and the bounce loss cone, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123, 24122423, doi:10.1002/2017JA024873.

2017

Jackson, S. W. and R. A. Marshall (2017), Conceptual Design of an Air-Breathing Electric Thruster for CubeSat Applications, J. Spacecraft and Rockets, doi:10.2514/1.A33993.
Xu, W., R. A. Marshall, S. Celestin, and V. P. Pasko (2017), Modeling of X-ray Images and Energy Spectra Produced by Stepping Lightning Leaders, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122 (21).
Marshall, R. A., T. Wallace, and M. Turbe (2017), Finite-Di erence Modeling of Very-Low-Frequency Propagation in the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide, IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop., 65 (12), 71857197.
Janches, D., N. Swarnalingam, J. D. Carrillo-Sanchez, J. C. Gomez-Martin, R. Marshall, J. Plane, W. Feng, and P. Pokorny (2017), Radar detectability studies of slow and small Zodiacal Dust Cloud Particles: III. The role of sodium and the Head Echo size on the probability of detection, The Astrophysical
Journal, 843 (1), 1.
Kabirzadeh, R., R. A. Marshall, and U. S. Inan (2017), Early/fast VLF events produced by the quiescent heating of the lower ionosphere by thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, doi:10.1002/2017JD026528.
Marshall, R. A., P. Brown, and S. Close (2017), Plasma distributions in meteor head echoes and implications for radar cross section interpretation, Planet. Space Sci., 143, pp. 203208, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2016.12.011.
Thomas, E., J. Simolka, M. DeLuca, M. Horanyi, D. Janches, R. A. Marshall, and Z. Sternovsky (2017), Experimental setup for the laboratory investigation of micrometeoroid ablation using a dust accelerator, Rev. Sci. Instr., 88(3), 034501.
Xu, W., S. Celestin, V. P. Pasko, and R. A. Marshall (2017), A novel type of transient luminous event produced by terrestrial gamma-ray ashes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(5), 2571-2578.

2016

Goenka, C., J. Semeter, J. Noto, J. Baumgardner, J. Riccobono, M. Migliozzi, H. Dahlgren, R. Marshall, S. Kapali, M. Hirsch, D. Hampton, and H. Akbari (2016), Multichannel tunable imager architecture for hyperspectral imaging in relevant spectral domains, Applied Optics, 55, pp. 3149-3157.
Blaes, P. R., R. A. Marshall, and U. S. Inan (2016), Global Occurrence Rate of Elves and Ionospheric Heating due to Cloud-to-Ground Lightning, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 120, doi:10.1002/2015JA021916.

2015

Marshall, R. A., J. Yue, and W. A. Lyons (2015), Numerical simulation of an elve modulated by a gravity wave, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 61206127, doi:10.1002/2015GL064913.
Marshall, R. A., C. L. da Silva, and V. P. Pasko (2015), Elve doublets and compact intracloud discharges, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 61126119, doi:10.1002/2015GL064862.
Marshall, R. A., and S. Close (2015), An FDTD model of scattering from meteor head plasma, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 120, 59315942, doi:10.1002/2015JA021238.
Goenka, C., J. Semeter, J. Noto, J. Baumgardner, J. Riccobono, M. Migliozzi, H. Dahlgren, R. Marshall, S. Kapali, M. Hirsch, D. Hampton, and H. Akbari (2015), LiCHI Liquid Crystal Hyperspectral Imager for simultaneous multispectral imaging in aeronomy, Opt. Express 23, 17772-17782, doi:10.1364/OE.23.017772
Douglas, E.S., J. Martel, Z. Li, G. Howe, K. Hewawasam, R. A. Marshall, C. L. Schaaf, T. A. Cook, G. J. Newnham, A. Strahler, S. Chakrabarti (2015), Finding Leaves in the Forest: The Dual Wavelength Echidna Lidar, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol.12, no.4, pp.776-780, doi:10.1109/LGRS.2014.2361812.

2014

Marshall, R. A., M. Nicolls, E. Sanchez, N. G. Lehtinen, and J. Neilson (2014), Diagnostics of an artificial relativistic electron beam interacting with the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119, doi:10.1002/2014JA020427.
Marshall, R. A. (2014), Effect of self-absorption on attenuation of lightning and transmitter signals in the lower ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119, doi:10.1002/2014JA019921.
Marshall, R. A., and J. B. Snively (2014), Very low frequency subionospheric remote sensing of thunderstorm-driven acoustic waves in the lower ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, doi:10.1002/2014JD021594.
Marshall, R. A., T. Adachi, R.-R. Hsu, and A. B. Chen (2014), Rare examples of early VLF events observed in association with ISUAL-detected Gigantic Jets, Radio Sci., 49, 36-43, doi:10.1002/2013RS005288.
Blaes, P. R., R. A. Marshall, and U. S. Inan (2014), Return stroke speed of cloud-to-ground lightning estimated from elve hole radii, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 9182?9187, doi:10.1002/2014GL062392.
Liang, C., B. Carlson, H. Lehtinen, M. Cohen, R. A. Marshall, and U. Inan (2014), Di ering current and optical return stroke speeds in lightning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, doi:10.1002/2014GL059703.

2013

Goenka, C., J. L. Semeter, J. Noto, H. Dahlgren, R. Marshall, J. Baumgardner, J. Riccobono, and M. Migliozzi (2013), Tunable lters for multispectral imaging of aeronomical features, Adv. Space Res., 52, 1366-1377, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2013.06.014.
Dahlgren, H., J. L. Semeter, R. A. Marshall, and M. Zettergren (2013), The optical manifestation of dispersive eld-aligned bursts in auroral breakup arcs, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 4572-4582, doi:10.1002/jgra.50415.
Graf, K. L., N. G. Lehtinen, M. Spasojevic, M. B. Cohen, R. A. Marshall, and U. S. Inan (2013), Analysis of experimentally validated trans-ionospheric attenuation estimates of VLF signals, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 2708-2720, doi:10.1002/jgra.50228.
Graf, K. L., M. Spasojevic, R. A. Marshall, N. G. Lehtinen, F. R. Foust, and U. S. Inan (2013), Extended lateral heating of the nighttime ionosphere by ground-based VLF transmitters, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, doi:10.1002/2013JA019337.

2012

Marshall, R. A. (2012), An Improved Model of the Lightning Electromagnetic Field Interaction with the D-region Ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 117, A03316, doi:10.1029/2011JA017408.
Douglas, E. S., A. Strahler, J. Martel, T. Cook, C. Mendillo, R. Marshall, S. Chakrabarti, C. Schaaf, C. Woodcock, Z. Li, X. Yang, D. Culvenor, D. Jupp, G. Newnham, and J. Lovell (2012), DWEL: A Dual-wavelength Echidna LIDAR for Ground-based Forest Scanning, Proceedings of the Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), July 2012, pp. 4998-5001.
Cohen, M. B., and R. A. Marshall (2012), ELF/VLF recordings during the 11 March 2011 Japanese Tohoku earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L11804, doi:10.1029/2012GL052123.

2011

Marshall, R. A., S. M. Smith, J. Baumgardner, and S. Chakrabarti (2011), Continuous Ground-based Multi-wavelength Airglow Measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 116, A11304, doi:10.1029/2011JA016901.
Marshall, R. A., J. Bortnik, N. Lehtinen, and S. Chakrabarti (2011), Optical signatures of lightning induced electron precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 116, A08214, doi:10.1029/2011JA016728.

2010

Marshall, R. A., R. T. Newsome, N. G. Lehtinen, N. Lavassar, and U. S. Inan (2010), Optical signatures of radiation-belt electron precipitation induced by ground-based VLF transmitters, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A08206, doi:10.1029/2010JA015394.
Marshall, R. A., and U. S. Inan (2010), Two-dimensional frequency domain modeling of lightning EMP-induced perturbations to VLF transmitter signals, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A00E29, doi:10.1029/2009JA014761.
Marshall, R. A., U. S. Inan, and V. Glukhov (2010), Elves and Associated Electron Density Changes due to Vertical and Horizontal Lightning Channels, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A00E17, doi:10.1029/2009JA014469.
Kendall, E., R. Marshall, R. T. Parris, A. Bhatt, A. Coster, T. Pedersen, P. Bernhardt, and C. Selcher (2010), Decameter structure in heater-induced airglow at the High frequency Active Auroral Research Program facility, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A08306, doi:10.1029/2009JA015043.
Inan, U. S., S. A. Cummer, and R. A. Marshall (2010), A survey of ELF and VLF research on lightning ionosphere interactions and causative discharges, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A00E36, doi:10.1029/2009JA014775.
Lehtinen, N., R. A. Marshall, and U. S. Inan (2010), Full-wave modeling of early VLF perturbations caused by lightning EMP, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A00E40, doi:10.1029/2009JA014776.

2009

Lefeuvre, F., R. Marshall, J.-L. Pincon, U. Inan, D. Lagoutte, M. Parrot, and J.-J. Berthelier (2009), On remote sensing of transient luminous events parent lightning discharges by ELF/VLF wave measurements on board a satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A09303, doi:10.1029/2009JA014154.

2008

Marshall, R. A., R. T. Newsome, and U. S. Inan (2008), Fast Photometric Imaging Using Orthogonal Linear Arrays, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol.46, no.11, pp.3885-3893, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2008.2000824.
Marshall, R. A., U. S. Inan, and T. W. Chevalier (2008), Early VLF perturbations caused by lightning EMP-driven dissociative attachment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L21807, doi:10.1029/2008GL035358.
Pedersen, T. R., R. J. Esposito, E. A. Kendall, D. Sentman, M. J. Kosch, E. V. Mishin, and R. A. Marshall (2008), Observations of artificial and natural optical emissions at the HAARP facility, Ann. Geophys., 26, 1089-1099, doi:10.5194/angeo-26-1089-2008.

2007

Marshall R. A., U. S. Inan, W. A. Lyons (2007), Very low frequency sferic bursts, sprites, and their association with lightning activity, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22105, doi:10.1029/2007JD008857.
Marshall, R. A., and U. S. Inan (2007), Possible direct cloud-to-ionosphere current evidenced by sprite initiated secondary TLEs, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L05806, doi:10.1029/2006GL028511.

2006

Marshall R. A., U. S. Inan, W. A. Lyons (2006), On the association of early/fast very low frequency perturbations with sprites and rare examples of VLF backscatter, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D19108, doi:10.1029/2006JD007219.
Marshall R. A., U. S. Inan (2006), High-speed measurements of small-scale features in sprites: Sizes and lifetimes, Radio Sci., 41, RS6S43, doi:10.1029/2005RS003353.
Mika, A., C. Haldoupis, T. Neubert, H. T. Su, R. R. Hsu, R. J. Steiner, and R. A. Marshall (2006), Early VLF perturbations observed in association with elves, Ann. Geophys., 24, 2179-2189, doi:10.5194/angeo-24-2179-2006.
Haldoupis, C., R. J. Steiner, A. Mika, S. Shalimov, R. A. Marshall, U. S. Inan, T. Bosinger, T. Neubert (2006), Early/slow events: A new category of VLF perturbations observed in relation with sprites, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A11321, doi:10.1029/2006JA011960.

2005

Marshall, R. A., U. S. Inan, T. Neubert, A. Hughes, G. Satori, J. Bor, A. Collier, and T. H. Allin (2005), Optical observations geomagnetically conjugate to sprite-producing lightning discharges, Ann. Geophys., 23(6), 2231, doi:10.5194/angeo-23-2231-2005.
Marshall, R. A., and U. S. Inan (2005), High-speed telescopic imaging of sprites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L05804, doi:10.1029/2004GL021988.
Kosch M. J., T. Pedersen, J. Hughes, R. Marshall, E. Gerken, A. Senior, D. Sentman, M. McCarrick, and F. T. Djuth (2005), Artificial optical emissions at HAARP for pump frequencies near the third and second electron gyro-harmonic, Ann. Geophys., 23, 1585-1592, doi:10.5194/angeo-23-1585-2005.
Neubert, T., T. H. Allin, E. Blanc, T. Farges, C. Haldoupis, A. Mika, S. Soula, L. Knutsson, O. van der Velde, R. A. Marshall, U. Inan, G. Satori, J. Bor, A. Hughes, A. Collier, S. Laursen, and I. Lundgaard Rasmussen (2005), Co-ordinated observations of transient luminous events during the EuroSprite2003 campaign, J. Atm. Solar Terr. Phys., 67, 807-820, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.02.004.
Mika, A., C. Haldoupis, R. A. Marshall, T. Neubert, and U. S. Inan (2005), Subionospheric VLF signatures and characteristics in association with sprites observed during EuroSprite-2003, J. Atm. Solar Terr. Phys., 67, 1580-1597, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.08.011.

2004

Haldoupis, C., T. Neubert, U. Inan, A. Mika, T. H. Allin, and R. A. Marshall (2004), Sub-ionospheric early VLF signal perturbations observed in one-to-one association with sprites, J. Geophys. Res., 109, (A10), A10303, doi:10.1029/2004JA010651.