The little clay jars like a bandolier are called ‘apostles’ - because 12 were usually carried. Each one contains a pre-measured charge of gunpowder, which is great if you need to reload and fire quickly, especially without thinking about it, such as in a military situation.

The helmets and buff coats were pretty standard across Western Europe for military usage. Enough to turn a glancing blow from a blade, but not expected to stop a bullet.

The one fellow with a spear is probably an NCO - it was common up into the 18th century for NCOs to carry a polearm to signal their authority.