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std::search

From cppreference.com
< cpp‎ | algorithm
 
C++
 
Algorithm library
Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy, ranges::sort, ...
Execution policies (C++17)
Non-modifying sequence operations
Batch operations
(C++17)
Search operations
(C++11)                (C++11)(C++11)

Modifying sequence operations
Copy operations
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++11)
Swap operations
Transformation operations
Generation operations
Removing operations
Order-changing operations
(until C++17)(C++11)
(C++20)(C++20)
Sampling operations
(C++17)

Sorting and related operations
Partitioning operations
Sorting operations
Binary search operations
(on partitioned ranges)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
Merge operations (on sorted ranges)
Heap operations
Minimum/maximum operations
(C++11)
(C++17)
Lexicographical comparison operations
(C++20)
Permutation operations
C library
Numeric operations
Operations on uninitialized memory
 
Defined in header <algorithm>
template< class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2 >

ForwardIt1 search( ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last,

                   ForwardIt2 s_first, ForwardIt2 s_last );
 (1) (constexpr since C++20)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2 >

ForwardIt1 search( ExecutionPolicy&& policy,
                   ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last,

                   ForwardIt2 s_first, ForwardIt2 s_last );
 (2) (since C++17)
template< class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2, class BinaryPred >

ForwardIt1 search( ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last,
                   ForwardIt2 s_first, ForwardIt2 s_last,

                   BinaryPred p );
 (3) (constexpr since C++20)
template< class ExecutionPolicy,

          class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2, class BinaryPred >
ForwardIt1 search( ExecutionPolicy&& policy,
                   ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last,
                   ForwardIt2 s_first, ForwardIt2 s_last,

                   BinaryPred p );
 (4) (since C++17)
template< class ForwardIt, class Searcher >

ForwardIt search( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last,

                  const Searcher& searcher );
 (5) (since C++17)
(constexpr since C++20)
1-4) Searches for the first occurrence of the sequence of elements [s_first, s_last) in the range [first, last).
1) Elements are compared using operator==.
3) Elements are compared using the given binary predicate p.
2,4) Same as (1,3), but executed according to policy.
These overloads participate in overload resolution only if all following conditions are satisfied:

std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true.

(until C++20)

std::is_execution_policy_v<std::remove_cvref_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true.

(since C++20)
5) Searches the range [first, last) for the pattern specified in the constructor of searcher.

The standard library provides the following searchers:

(C++17)
 standard C++ library search algorithm implementation
(class template) [edit]
(C++17)
 Boyer-Moore search algorithm implementation
(class template) [edit]
(C++17)
 Boyer-Moore-Horspool search algorithm implementation
(class template) [edit]
(since C++17)

Contents

[edit] Parameters

first, last - the pair of iterators defining the range of elements to examine
s_first, s_last - the pair of iterators defining the range of elements to search for
policy - the execution policy to use
searcher - the searcher encapsulating the search algorithm and the pattern to look for
p - binary predicate which returns ​true if the elements should be treated as equal.

The signature of the predicate function should be equivalent to the following:

 bool pred(const Type1 &a, const Type2 &b);

While the signature does not need to have const &, the function must not modify the objects passed to it and must be able to accept all values of type (possibly const) Type1 and Type2 regardless of value category (thus, Type1 & is not allowed, nor is Type1 unless for Type1 a move is equivalent to a copy(since C++11)).
The types Type1 and Type2 must be such that objects of types ForwardIt1 and ForwardIt2 can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to Type1 and Type2 respectively. ​

Type requirements
-
ForwardIt1, ForwardIt2 must meet the requirements of LegacyForwardIterator.
-
BinaryPred must meet the requirements of BinaryPredicate.

[edit] Return value

1-4) Iterator to the beginning of first occurrence of the sequence [s_first, s_last) in the range [first, last). If no such occurrence is found, last is returned.
If [s_first, s_last) is empty, first is returned.
5) searcher(first, last).first.

[edit] Complexity

1-4) Given N as std::distance(first, last) and S as std::distance(s_first, s_last):
1,2) At most N·S comparisons using operator==.
3,4) At most N·S applications of the predicate p.
5) Depends on searcher.

[edit] Exceptions

The overloads with a template parameter named ExecutionPolicy report errors as follows:

  • If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an exception and ExecutionPolicy is one of the standard policies, std::terminate is called. For any other ExecutionPolicy, the behavior is implementation-defined.
  • If the algorithm fails to allocate memory, std::bad_alloc is thrown.

[edit] Possible implementation

search (1) 
template<class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2>
constexpr //< since C++20
ForwardIt1 search(ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last,
                  ForwardIt2 s_first, ForwardIt2 s_last)
{
    while (true)
    {
        ForwardIt1 it = first;
        for (ForwardIt2 s_it = s_first; ; ++it, ++s_it)
        {
            if (s_it == s_last)
                return first;
            if (it == last)
                return last;
            if (!(*it == *s_it))
                break;
        }
        ++first;
    }
}
search (3) 
template<class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2, class BinaryPred>
constexpr //< since C++20
ForwardIt1 search(ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last,
                  ForwardIt2 s_first, ForwardIt2 s_last, BinaryPred p)
{
    while (true)
    {
        ForwardIt1 it = first;
        for (ForwardIt2 s_it = s_first; ; ++it, ++s_it)
        {
            if (s_it == s_last)
                return first;
            if (it == last)
                return last;
            if (!p(*it, *s_it))
                break;
        }
        ++first;
    }
}

[edit] Example

Run this code
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <string_view>
#include <vector>
 
using namespace std::literals;
 
bool contains(const auto& cont, std::string_view s)
{
    // str.find() (or str.contains(), since C++23) can be used as well
    return std::search(cont.begin(), cont.end(), s.begin(), s.end()) != cont.end();
}
 
int main()
{
    const auto str{"why waste time learning, when ignorance is instantaneous?"sv};