Famous poet /1927 - 2017

John Ashbery

John Ashbery is considered one of the most important American poets of the postwar period. His work, often associated with the New York School of poetry, is characterized by its playful use of language, its embrace of ambiguity and fragmentation, and its resistance to easy interpretation. Ashbery's poems are known for their shifting perspectives, their unexpected leaps of association, and their blend of high and low culture.

While his work can be challenging, it is also richly rewarding, offering readers a unique and often humorous perspective on the world. Ashbery's poetry invites us to embrace uncertainty and to find beauty in the unexpected. He encourages us to question our assumptions about language and meaning, and to approach poetry with a sense of playfulness and open-mindedness.

Frank O'Hara and Kenneth Koch, fellow members of the New York School, were important influences on Ashbery's work. Like them, he drew inspiration from avant-garde art movements such as Abstract Expressionism and Surrealism. Ashbery's poetry shares affinities with other experimental poets, such as Wallace Stevens and Elizabeth Bishop, who also challenged traditional notions of poetic form and subject matter.

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Hard Times

Trust me. The world is run on a shoestring.
They have no time to return the calls in hell
And pay dearly for those wasted minutes. Somewhere
In the future it will filter down through all the proceedings

But by then it will be too late, the festive ambience
Will linger on but it won't matter. More or less
Succinctly they will tell you what we've all known for years:
That the power of this climate is only to conserve itself.

Whatever twists around it is decoration and can never
Be looked at as something isolated, apart. Get it? And
He flashed a mouthful of aluminum teeth there in the darkness
To tell however it gets down, that it does, at last.

Once they made the great trip to California
And came out of it flushed. And now every day
Will have to dispel the notion of being like all the others.
In time, it gets to stand with the wind, but by then the night is closed off.

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Analysis (ai): The poem adopts a conversational yet opaque tone, blending assurance with uncertainty through phrases like "Trust me" and "Get it?" This rhetorical stance mirrors Ashbery’s recurrent use of unreliable or shifting speakers, distancing the reader from clear emotional resolution.
Imagery and Diction: Industrial and bureaucratic imagery—"shoestring," "calls in hell," "proceedings"—suggest a mechanized world indifferent to human concerns. The “aluminum teeth” introduce a surreal, bodily intrusion that contrasts with the abstract terrain, a technique Ashbery often uses to fracture coherence.
Temporal Structure: Time operates non-linearly: future consequences “filter down” but arrive too late, while past experiences (“the great trip to California”) haunt the present. This mirrors the disjointed temporality found in Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror, where memory and anticipation blur.
Theme of Futility: The poem underscores systemic inertia and the futility of individual action, echoing mid-20th-century existential skepticism. Unlike early modernists who sought meaning through fragmentation, Ashbery accepts disjunction without redemptive closure.
Form and Syntax: Enjambment and syntactic ambiguity create a drifting momentum, typical of Ashbery’s loosely structured stanzas. The lack of regular meter or rhyme aligns with postwar American poetry’s turn toward open forms, though less radical than contemporaneous Language poetry.
Engagement with Modernity: Written in a late phase of Ashbery’s career, the poem reflects on late capitalism’s bureaucratic fatigue and delayed consequences, resonating with contemporary concerns about ecological and institutional collapse. The “climate” referenced may subtly nod to environmental discourse, though abstracted.
Place in the Author’s Work: Less anthologized than his major works, this poem fits within Ashbery’s later explorations of resignation and anticlimax. It stands out for its compressed scale and rare use of second-person address, which heightens the sense of failed communication.
Relation to Era Norms: While many postmodern poets embraced irony or pastiche, this poem sustains a melancholic flatness, closer to late Barbara Guest or James Schuyler in affect. It avoids the exuberance of Ashbery’s 1970s output, favoring a subdued, almost weary tone.  (hide)
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Strange Things Happen at Night

Without thinking too much about it,
prepare to go out into the city of your dreams.
Now, look up. At first they cannot see you.
Later, the adjustment will be made.
Your boyfriend sips bark tea.

The number should've turned up by now.
Perhaps the driving rain impedes it,
the recession. In any case there are two too many of
    us here .
We must double up, or die.

And that might be a practical if remote solution.
It's not every day you get to bicycle past the ribbons
of people, watch the grand hotels
for some event thought imminent--not lost.

If ever I was going to turn up your volume--
but this isn't about living, is it?
Or is it? I mean, many suppers in the seven modes
or grades, as many as can be made to last
once the bosses and their beagles have passed through 
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Analysis (ai): The poem uses irregular lineation and enjambment, aligning with Ashbery’s frequent disruption of syntactic clarity; stanzas shift without clear transitions, a trait recurring in Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror and other mid-career works.
Tone and Voice: A detached, conversational tone masks philosophical uncertainty; statements are tentative, marked by conditional phrasing and unanswered questions, typical of Ashbery’s resistance to declarative closure.
Urban Imagery and Identity: The city of dreams suggests a psychological or aspirational space rather than a physical location, echoing motifs in “The Skaters” where urban landscapes dissolve into abstraction.
Temporal Dislocation: Present action blends with anticipated events, creating temporal ambiguity; the “event thought imminent” remains undefined, reflecting mid-20th-century anxieties about meaning and anticipation in postwar American life.
Social and Economic Subtext: References to recession and excess bodies (“two too many of us”) subtly introduce socioeconomic unease, less overt than in Ashbery’s later politically edged poems but present as background hum.
Interpersonal Dynamics: The mention of a boyfriend sipping bark tea introduces domestic surrealism, a minor Ashbery motif where relationships are acknowledged but rendered opaque, minimizing emotional exposition.
Practicality and Survival: The line “We must double up, or die” introduces a survivalist urgency unusual in Ashbery, whose work typically avoids direct stakes; this could reflect 1970s energy crises or housing instability, though framed elliptically.
Movement and Observation: Bicycling past ribbons of people evokes distanced spectatorship, a recurring stance in Ashbery—observer rather than participant—seen also in “Europe.”
Media and Perception: The urge to “turn up your volume” introduces an auditory, possibly technological layer, suggesting mediation of experience, a theme increasingly common in late modernist and postmodern American poetry.
Negation of Purpose: The questioning of whether the poem is “about living” undercuts narrative intent, consistent with Ashbery’s broader skepticism toward poetic purpose in an age of information overload.
Comparison to Era Norms: Unlike confessional poets of the 1950s–70s who emphasized personal revelation, Ashbery maintains impersonality, favoring cognitive drift over emotional catharsis.
Relation to Other Works: This poem fits within Ashbery’s middle period, where syntax fractures but not as severely as in Flow Chart; it is less abstract than Girls on the Run, more grounded in implied narrative.
Obscurity and Significance: Less anthologized than his major works, it appears in Houseboat Days and stands out for its faint narrative cohesion amidst linguistic indeterminacy, offering a bridge between accessibility and abstraction.
Contemporary Engagement: Post-1900 concerns—alienation in urban spaces, economic precarity, mediated perception—are rendered indirectly, avoiding direct critique in favor of ambient suggestion.
Language and Ambiguity: Phrases like “the number should’ve turned up” suggest systems or protocols gone awry, evoking bureaucratic or technological failure without specifying them.
Minimalist Surrealism: Images such as bark tea and ribbons of people are surreal but not dream-logic driven; instead, they emerge casually, a signature Ashbery technique to destabilize realism without abandoning it.
Reader Positioning: The address “you” pulls the reader into indeterminate action, a device Ashbery uses to implicate rather than instruct, common across his oeuvre.
Resistance to Closure: The ending trails off with unresolved domestic and systemic imagery, rejecting resolution—a formal and thematic norm in Ashbery’s later poetry.
Cultural References: “Bosses and their beagles” may allude to authority figures and enforcers, possibly capitalist or paternalistic structures, though irony dilutes any straightforward political reading.
Place in Author’s Canon: Though not central, the poem exemplifies Ashbery’s ability to embed latent tension within seemingly meandering lines, distinguishing quieter works from his more expansive experiments.  (hide)
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Syringa

Orpheus liked the glad personal quality
Of the things beneath the sky. Of course, Eurydice was a part
Of this. Then one day, everything changed. He rends
Rocks into fissures with lament. Gullies, hummocks
Can't withstand it. The sky shudders from one horizon
To the other, almost ready to give up wholeness.
Then Apollo quietly told him: "Leave it all on earth.
Your lute, what point? Why pick at a dull pavan few care to
Follow, except a few birds of dusty feather,
Not vivid performances of the past." But why not?
All other things must change too.
The seasons are no longer what they once were,
But it is the nature of things to be seen only once,
As they happen along, bumping into other things, getting along
Somehow. That's where Orpheus made his mistake.
Of course Eurydice vanished into the shade;
She would have even if he hadn't turned around.
No use standing there like a gray stone toga as the whole wheel
Of recorded history flashes past, struck dumb, unable to utter an intelligent
Comment on the most thought-provoking element in its train.
Only love stays on the brain, and something these people,
These other ones, call life. Singing accurately
So that the notes mount straight up out of the well of
Dim noon and rival the tiny, sparkling yellow flowers
Growing around the brink of the quarry, encapsulizes
The different weights of the things.
But it isn't enough
To just go on singing. Orpheus realized this
And didn't mind so much about his reward being in heaven
After the Bacchantes had torn him apart, driven
Half out of their minds by his music, what it was doing to them.
Some say it was for his treatment of Eurydice.
But probably the music had more to do with it, and
The way music passes, emblematic
Of life and how you cannot isolate a note of it
And say it is good or bad. You must
Wait till it's over. "The end crowns all,"
Meaning also that the "tableau"
Is wrong. For although memories, of a season, for example,
Melt into a single snapshot, one cannot guard, treasure
That stalled moment. It too is flowing, fleeting;
It is a picture of flowing, scenery, though living, mortal,
Over which an abstract action is laid out in blunt,
Harsh strokes. And to ask more than this
Is to become the tossing reeds of that slow,
Powerful stream, the trailing grasses
Playfully tugged at, but to participate in the action
No more than this. Then in the lowering gentian sky
Electric twitches are faintly apparent first, then burst forth
Into a shower of fixed, cream-colored flares. The horses
Have each seen a share of the truth, though each thinks,
"I'm a maverick. Nothing of this is happening to me,
Though I can understand the language of birds, and
The itinerary of the lights caught in the storm is fully apparent to me.
Their jousting ends in music much
As trees move more easily in the wind after a summer storm
And is happening in lacy shadows of shore-trees, now,
  day after day."

But how late to be regretting all this, even
Bearing in mind that regrets are always late, too late!
To which Orpheus, a bluish cloud with white contours,
Replies that these are of course not regrets at all,
Merely a careful, scholarly setting down of
Unquestioned facts, a record of pebbles along the way.
And no matter how all this disappeared,
Or got where it was going, it is no longer
Material for a poem. Its subject
Matters too much, and not enough, standing there helplessly
While the poem streaked by, its tail afire, a bad
Comet screaming hate and disaster, but so turned inward
That the meaning, good or other, can never
Become known. The singer thinks
Constructively, builds up his chant in progressive stages
Like a skyscraper, but at the last minute turns away.
The song is engulfed in an instant in blackness
Which must in turn flood the whole continent
With blackness, for it cannot see. The singer
Must then pass out of sight, not even relieved
Of the evil burthen of the words. Stellification
Is for the few, and comes about much later
When all record of these people and their lives
Has disappeared into libraries, onto microfilm.
A few are still interested in them. "But what about
So-and-so?" is still asked on occasion. But they lie
Frozen and out of touch until an arbitrary chorus
Speaks of a totally different incident with a similar name
In whose tale are hidden syllables
Of what happened so long before that
In some small town, one indifferent summer.
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Analysis (ai): The poem reinterprets the Orpheus myth not as a tragedy of loss but as a meditation on impermanence, artistic limitation, and the futility of trying to fix meaning. It questions the authority of memory and narrative closure, suggesting that moments cannot be preserved without distortion. Love and music are presented not as redemptive forces but as transient processes resistant to judgment.
Structure and Voice: Shifting pronouns and fragmented syntax blur the boundaries between speaker, myth, and contemporary reflection, a technique consistent with Ashbery’s broader work. The poem resists linear progression, favoring associative leaps that mimic thought in motion, aligning with mid-to-late 20th-century poetic tendencies toward indeterminacy. Unlike his earlier, more opaque pieces, this poem maintains a conversational tone even as it unsettles coherence.
Engagement with Modern Concerns: Written in the late 20th century, the poem reflects postmodern skepticism toward grand narratives and stable identity. It foregrounds the mediated nature of experience, comparing memory to microfilm and history to a fleeting comet—technological metaphors that reframe myth through contemporary detachment. The speaker’s scholarly detachment ironizes the romantic ideal of the artist-prophet, replacing revelation with archival erosion.
Relation to Author's Oeuvre: Among Ashbery’s later works, this poem is notable for its mythic grounding, which contrasts with the diffuse dailyism of Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror. Yet it retains his characteristic elusiveness, using myth not for symbolic weight but as scaffolding for skepticism. The treatment of Orpheus avoids pathos, focusing instead on epistemology—how we know, record, and misremember.
Alternative Interpretation: Rather than viewing Orpheus’s turning back as the central failure, the poem suggests his mistake was believing art could arrest time at all. The Bacchantes’ violence is less punishment than inevitable response to an art that disturbs equilibrium. The final image of stellification deferred underscores cultural amnesia, implying that even stellar recognition is temporary and irrelevant. The poem critiques the cult of artistic legacy prevalent in modernism, aligning with Ashbery’s resistance to closure and canonization.  (hide)
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