File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
use File::Spec;
$x=File::Spec->catfile('a', 'b', 'c');which returns 'a/b/c' under Unix. Or:
use File::Spec::Functions;
$x = catfile('a', 'b', 'c');This module is designed to support operations commonly performed on file specifications (usually called "file names", but not to be confused with the contents of a file, or Perl's file handles), such as concatenating several directory and file names into a single path, or determining whether a path is rooted. It is based on code directly taken from MakeMaker 5.17, code written by Andreas König, Andy Dougherty, Charles Bailey, Ilya Zakharevich, Paul Schinder, and others.
Since these functions are different for most operating systems, each set of OS specific routines is available in a separate module, including:
File::Spec::Unix
File::Spec::Mac
File::Spec::OS2
File::Spec::Win32
File::Spec::VMSThe module appropriate for the current OS is automatically loaded by File::Spec. Since some modules (like VMS) make use of facilities available only under that OS, it may not be possible to load all modules under all operating systems.
Since File::Spec is object oriented, subroutines should not be called directly, as in:
File::Spec::catfile('a','b');but rather as class methods:
File::Spec->catfile('a','b');For simple uses, File::Spec::Functions provides convenient functional forms of these methods.
No physical check on the filesystem, but a logical cleanup of a path.
$cpath = File::Spec->canonpath( $path ) ;Note that this does *not* collapse x/../y sections into y. This is by design. If /foo on your system is a symlink to /bar/baz, then /foo/../quux is actually /bar/quux, not /quux as a naive ../-removal would give you. If you want to do this kind of processing, you probably want Cwd's realpath() function to actually traverse the filesystem cleaning up paths like this.
Concatenate two or more directory names to form a complete path ending with a directory. But remove the trailing slash from the resulting string, because it doesn't look good, isn't necessary and confuses OS/2. Of course, if this is the root directory, don't cut off the trailing slash :-)
$path = File::Spec->catdir( @directories );Concatenate one or more directory names and a filename to form a complete path ending with a filename
$path = File::Spec->catfile( @directories, $filename );Returns a string representation of the current directory.
$curdir = File::Spec->curdir();Returns a string representation of the null device.
$devnull = File::Spec->devnull();Returns a string representation of the root directory.
$rootdir = File::Spec->rootdir();Returns a string representation of the first writable directory from a list of possible temporary directories. Returns the current directory if no writable temporary directories are found. The list of directories checked depends on the platform; e.g. File::Spec::Unix checks $ENV{TMPDIR} (unless taint is on) and /tmp.
$tmpdir = File::Spec->tmpdir();Returns a string representation of the parent directory.
$updir = File::Spec->updir();Given a list of file names, strip out those that refer to a parent directory. (Does not strip symlinks, only '.', '..', and equivalents.)
@paths = File::Spec->no_upwards( @paths );Returns a true or false value indicating, respectively, that alphabetic case is not or is significant when comparing file specifications. Cygwin and Win32 accept an optional drive argument.
$is_case_tolerant = File::Spec->case_tolerant();Takes as its argument a path, and returns true if it is an absolute path.
$is_absolute = File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute( $path );This does not consult the local filesystem on Unix, Win32, OS/2, or Mac OS (Classic). It does consult the working environment for VMS (see "file_name_is_absolute" in File::Spec::VMS).
Takes no argument. Returns the environment variable PATH (or the local platform's equivalent) as a list.
@PATH = File::Spec->path();join is the same as catfile.
Splits a path in to volume, directory, and filename portions. On systems with no concept of volume, returns '' for volume.
($volume,$directories,$file) =
File::Spec->splitpath( $path );
($volume,$directories,$file) =
File::Spec->splitpath( $path, $no_file );For systems with no syntax differentiating filenames from directories, assumes that the last file is a path unless $no_file is true or a trailing separator or /. or /.. is present. On Unix, this means that $no_file true makes this return ( '', $path, '' ).
The directory portion may or may not be returned with a trailing '/'.
The results can be passed to "catpath()" to get back a path equivalent to (usually identical to) the original path.
The opposite of