Arduino Variable Types: Quick Start for Beginners

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Arduino variable types

The concept of an Arduino variable is one of the first things beginners need to understand when programming microcontrollers. Variables store data that your Arduino sketch can use and modify. To declare a variable in Arduino, you must specify its type and name, like int ledPin = 13;. This tells the compiler what kind of data the variable will hold. Choosing the correct Arduino type of variable is important because it affects memory usage and how the data behaves. This guide explains what variables are, how to declare them, and which Arduino variable types are available. (more…)

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PowerShell Select-String in Context: Lines Before & After Match

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Select-String in Context using Windows PowerShell

The grep command in Linux is widely used to search for patterns in files and show surrounding lines using flags like -A, -B, or -C. But when switching to Windows PowerShell, many users struggle to find an equivalent. The PowerShell Select-String command is the answer. To show lines before and/or after a match, use the Select-String command with the -Context parameter. This lets you display a number of lines before, after, or both around the matching line. This guide explains how to use PowerShell Select-String to replicate grep’s context flags. (more…)

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Base64 PowerShell Decode & Encode – One-Liners | CheatSheet

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Base64 PowerShell commands to encode and decode data in Windows

On Linux or macOS, encoding and decoding with base64 is simple. But on Windows, there’s no built-in base64 command in CMD or PowerShell. That’s why many users search for fast alternative of the base64 command in Windows. The simplest way to convert Base64 encoded/decoded data is to use PowerShell’s ToBase64String and FromBase64String methods. The one-liners below will let you work with strings and files securely – without sending your data to any third-party tools. This guide shows how to use Base64 PowerShell commands to make all Base64 data converts locally. (more…)

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Find File by Name in Linux – 7 Basic Examples

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Linux find file by name command

Finding files in Linux can be tricky, especially when you need to search through thousands of files across multiple directories. However, this is achievable, using the Linux find command. It lets you search for files in Linux recursively by full name, partial name, or pattern.

Many users waste time manually browsing folders. With the right Linux find command syntax, you can locate anything fast. This guide shows how to use the Linux find command to search files recursively by exact name, extension, regex, and more. You’ll also learn how to combine find with grep for finding which of the files contain a certain string. (more…)

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Roborock Test Mode: How to Run a Full Self-Test Diagnostic

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Roborock test mode

If your Roborock vacuum isn’t working properly – whether it’s sensor errors, cleaning issues, or docking failures – running a built-in self-test can help. To enter Roborock BIT mode: remove the robot from the docking station, turn it off, then hold down the ⏻ Power button and quickly press the 🏠 Home button five times in a row. This activates Roborock test mode for diagnostics. This guide explains how to run the test and what each step means. (more…)

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Force `cp` Command to Overwrite Without Confirmation

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`cp` command among aliases in Linux terminal

The cp command in Linux is used to copy files and directories, but by default, it may prompt for a confirmation before overwriting an existing destination. If you’re running the cp command from some script, these prompts can interrupt the execution. To ensure the cp command overwrites files without confirmation, you can bypass aliases or use the yes command. Below, you’ll find practical ways to achieve this. (more…)

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The Best Windows Dig Equivalent for DNS Queries

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Windows Command Prompt returns the error: "'dig' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file"

The dig command is an essential DNS troubleshooting tool on Linux and macOS. However, attempting to use it in a Windows Command Prompt or PowerShell will return the errors as follows:

‘dig’ is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.
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dig : The term ‘dig’ is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.

The Windows dig equivalent are the Resolve-DnsName command in PowerShell and the nslookup command in Command Prompt.

Below is a quick guide on how to use these commands to check DNS records in Windows. (more…)

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How to Get Telegram Bot API Token in 3 Easy Steps

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Getting Telegram bot API token using BotFather

If you’ve created a Telegram bot and now you need to get its API token, the process is simpler than you might think. Using BotFather, Telegram’s official bot management tool, you can quickly retrieve or regenerate the token. This guide will walk you through the necessary steps to locate your Telegram bot API token quickly and securely. Below are the step-by-step instructions. (more…)

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Shutdown Synology NAS Safely: Avoid Critical Errors

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How to shutdown a Synology NAS through DSM by clicking on the user icon and then on a Shut Down button

How to shutdown Synology NAS? The simplest method is to press and hold the power button until you hear a beep. This initiates a safe shutdown, preventing data corruption. For Synology NAS owners, shutting down the device safely is essential to avoid hardware damage and ensure data integrity. Below, you will find detailed methods for safely shutting down your NAS, along with tips and links to additional resources. (more…)

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