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He passed the examination in the first class because he had worked hard for it. In this context, the past perfect tense "had worked hard" is used to indicate that the action of working hard occurred before another past action (passing the examination). This implies that his hard work was completed before he achieved success in the examination. Therefore, "had worked hard for it" is the most appropriate choice to complete the sentence, conveying the sequence of events correctly.

Solution:
The grapes are now ripe enough to be picked. In this context, "ripe" specifically refers to fruits being fully developed and ready to be harvested, making it the most suitable choice among the options provided. When grapes reach this stage of ripeness, they have attained the optimal balance of flavor, sweetness, and juiciness, making them ideal for consumption or processing into various products such as wine. Therefore, "ripe" accurately describes the readiness of the grapes for harvesting.

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Solution:
Option A: group While "group" is a general term for a collection of individuals, it is not specifically used to refer to cows. It can apply to various types of collections. Option B: herd This is the correct option. "Herd" specifically refers to a group of cows or other grazing animals. Option C: swarm "Swarm" typically refers to a large group of insects or small animals that move together, not cows. Option D: flock "Flock" is used for a group of birds, such as chickens or ducks, but not specifically for cows. In conclusion, the correct answer is Option B: herd, as it is the appropriate term for a group of cows in the field.

Solution:
In this sentence, it's important for brothers to "live in harmony," which means they should get along and not have conflicts or disagreements. The phrase "fall apart" means to stop getting along or to start having conflicts. So, the correct word to complete the sentence is "apart." This makes the sentence read, "Brothers must live in harmony. They must never fall apart."