`operator`

The Python operator module provides functions that correspond to the Python operators. This module allows you to use operators as functions, which can be especially useful when combined with higher-order functions, such as map(), filter(), and reduce().

Here’s a quick example:

>>> import operator
>>> operator.add(1, 2)
3

Key Features

Provides function equivalents for standard Python operators
Supports Boolean, mathematical, comparison, identity, membership, and bitwise operations
Offers item and attribute getter functions for convenience

Frequently Used Classes and Functions

Object	Type	Description
`operator.add()`	Function	Adds two numbers
`operator.sub()`	Function	Subtracts the second number from the first
`operator.itemgetter()`	Function	Returns a callable that fetches an item from its operand
`operator.attrgetter()`	Function	Returns a callable that fetches an attribute from its operand
`operator.methodcaller()`	Function	Returns a callable that calls a method on its operand

Examples

Using the operator.sub() function:

>>> import operator
>>> operator.sub(4, 5)
-1

Using operator.itemgetter() to extract elements by index:

>>> data = [(2, "b"), (1, "a"), (3, "c")]
>>> sorted(data, key=operator.itemgetter(1))
[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]

Common Use Cases

Replacing lambda functions with more readable operator functions
Using itemgetter() and attrgetter() for sorting and key extraction
Performing functional programming operations in a concise manner

Real-World Example

Suppose you have a list of tuples representing students’ grades, and you want to sort them by their scores:

>>> import operator
>>> students = [("John", 88), ("Jane", 92), ("Dave", 85)]
>>> sorted(students, key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
[('Jane', 92), ('John', 88), ('Dave', 85)]

In this example, you use operator.itemgetter() to sort a list of tuples by the second element, providing a clear and efficient solution.

operator