"It's the animal in us," we often hear when we've been bad. But why not when we're good? Primates and Philosophers tackles this question by exploring the biological foundations of one of humanity's most valued traits: morality. -/- In this provocative book, primatologist Frans de Waal argues that modern-day evolutionary biology takes far too dim a view of the natural world, emphasizing our "selfish" genes. Science has thus exacerbated our reciprocal habits of blaming nature when we act badly and labeling (...) the good things we do as "humane." Seeking the origin of human morality not in evolution but in human culture, science insists that we are moral by choice, not by nature. -/- Citing remarkable evidence based on his extensive research of primate behavior, de Waal attacks "Veneer Theory," which posits morality as a thin overlay on an otherwise nasty nature. He explains how we evolved from a long line of animals that care for the weak and build cooperation with reciprocal transactions. Drawing on both Darwin and recent scientific advances, de Waal demonstrates a strong continuity between human and animal behavior. In the process, he also probes issues such as anthropomorphism and human responsibilities toward animals. -/- Based on the Tanner Lectures de Waal delivered at Princeton University's Center for Human Values in 2004, Primates and Philosophers includes responses by the philosophers Peter Singer, Christine M. Korsgaard, and Philip Kitcher and the science writer Robert Wright. They press de Waal to clarify the differences between humans and other animals, yielding a lively debate that will fascinate all those who wonder about the origins and reach of human goodness. (shrink)

The banner of deliberative democracy is attracting increasing numbers of supporters, in both the world's older and newer democracies. This effort to renew democratic politics is widely seen as a reaction to the dominance of liberal constitutionalism. But many questions surround this new project. What does deliberative democracy stand for? What difference would deliberative practices make in the real world of political conflict and public policy design? What is the relationship between deliberative politics and liberal constitutional arrangements? The 1996 publication (...) of Amy Gutmann and Dennis F. Thompsons Democracy and Disagreement was a signal contribution to the ongoing debate over the role of moral deliberation in democratic politics. In Deliberative Politics an all-star cast of political, legal, and moral commentators seek to criticize, extend, or provide alternatives to Gutmann and Thompson's hopeful model of democratic deliberation. The essays discuss the value and limits of moral deliberation in politics, and take up practical policy issues such as abortion, affirmative action, and health care reform. Among the impressive roster of contributors are Norman Daniels, Stanley Fish, William A. Galston, Jane Mansbridge, Cass R. Sunstein, Michael Walzer, and Iris Marion Young, and the editor of the volume, Stephen Macedo. The book concludes with a thoughtful response from Gutmann and Thompson to their esteemed critics. This fine collection is essential reading for anyone who takes seriously the call for a more deliberative politics. (shrink)

Editors provide a substantive introduction to the history and theories of perfectionism and neutrality, expertly contextualizing the essays and making the collection accessible.

Why is it important for people to agree on and articulate shared reasons for just laws, rather than whatever reasons they personally find compelling? What, if any, practical role does public reason play in liberal democratic politics? We argue that the practical role of public reason can be better appreciated by examining the confluence of normative and positive political theory; the former represented here by liberal social contract theory of John Rawls and others, and the latter by rational choice or (...) game theory. Citizens in a diverse society face a practical as well as a moral problem. How can they have confidence that others will reciprocate their commitment to supporting governing principles that depart from their own ideal conceptions of truth and value in order to be reasonable to all? Citizens face a practical problem of mutual assurance that public reason helps them solve, and solve as a matter of common knowledge. The solution, on both views, requires citizens’ reciprocal commitment to basing law on a system of shared reasons. Both views place public reason at the core of liberal democratic politics in conditions of diversity, and for quite similar reasons. Our argument illustrates the complementary roles of positive and values-based analysis in constitutional design. (shrink)

This paper reviews computational models of surprise, with a specific focus on the authors’ probabilistic, contrast model. The contrast model casts surprise, and its intensity, as emerging from the difference between the probability of the surprising event and the probability of the highest expected‐event in a given situation. Strong arguments are made for the central role of surprise in creativity and learning by natural and artificial agents.

In the U.S., and elsewhere, populism has been democracy’s way of shaking elites up. We can view populism in part as a revolt of the losers, or perceived losers, of globalization. Yet elites have often paid too little heed to the domestic distributive impact of high immigration and globalized trade. Immigration and globalization are also spurring forms of nativism and demagoguery that threaten both democratic deliberation and undermine progressive political coalitions. The challenge now is to find the most reasonable – (...) or least unreasonable – responses to the new politics of resentment: ways that recognize that egalitarian liberalism and social democracy are national projects and preserve progressive political coalitions, while also acknowledging our interconnections, duties, and moral obligations to those beyond our borders. (shrink)

I address the long-standing problem of toleration in diverse liberal societies in light of the progress of same-sex marriage and continued vehement opposition to it from a significant portion of the population. I advance a view that contrasts with recent discussions by Teresa Bejan, Mere Civility, and especially Cecile Laborde, Liberalism’s Religion. Laborde emphasizes the importance of state sovereignty in fixing the boundaries of church and state, emphasizing the priority of public authority and constitutional supremacy. I argue that emphasis on (...) priority needs to be complemented by a recognition of the importance of forms of reconciliation that go beyond ‘mere civility’. Reflections on toleration in the liberal and democratic traditions – including in the canonical discussions of Locke, Rousseau, Smith and Tocqueville, and in more recent political science – have recognized that the health of liberal democracy benefits enormously from the educative and morally formative resources furnished by religious c... (shrink)

Mentoring the Mentor recreates a Freirian dialogue in a printed format. In this volume, sixteen distinguished scholars engage in a critical and thoughtful exchange with Paulo Freire. While some contributors voice appreciation for Freire's ideas and for what it means to «reinvent Freire» in a North American context, others offer sharp critiques of Freire's philosophy and, of equal importance, of the various interpretations of his work. A variety of chapters describe specific uses which have been made of Freire's ideas in (...) diverse educational contexts, from the New York City public schools to the revolutions in Guinea Bissau and Eritrea. Finally, Paulo Freire himself responds to the major issues which are raised in the volume and invites readers to share in a continuing lively dialogue about the meaning of democratic and revolutionary education. «The fundamental task of the mentor is a liberatory task. It is not to encourage the mentor's goals and aspirations and dreams to be reproduced in the mentees, the students, but to give rise to the possibility that the students become the owners of their own history. This is how I understand the need that teachers have to transcend their merely instructive task and to assume the ethical posture of a mentor who truly believes in the total autonomy, freedom, and development of those he or she mentors.» (from Chapter Sixteen, «A Response» by Paulo Freire). (shrink)

Chandran Kukathas has written an ambitious, deeply learned, and engaging book that uses an extensive critique of immigration controls to explore the meanings of.

Famous Brazilian educational and social theorist Paulo Freire presents his ideas on community solidarity in moving toward social justice in schools and society in a set of talks and interviews shortly before his death, supplemented with ...

Although liberals too often forget it, the health of the liberal publicorder depends on our ability to constitute not only political institutions and limits on power, but appropriate patterns of social lifeand citizen character. Liberal character traits and political virtuesdo not, after all, come about “naturally” or by the deliverance of an “invisible hand.” Even Adam Smith did not think that, as we will see below. Harry Eckstein gets closer to themark by suggesting that “stable governments…are the productof 'accidental' conjunctions (...) of conditions which do sometimes, but rarely, occur in actual societies.”. (shrink)

Essays by some of the world's leading educators provide a revolutionary portrait of new ideas and developments in education that can influence the possibility of social and political change. The authors take into account such diverse terrain as feminism, ecology, media, and individual liberty in their pursuit of new ideas that can inform the fundamental practice of education and promote a more humane civil society. The book consolidates recent thinking just as it reflects on emerging new lines of critical theory.

Stephen Macedo; Multiculturalism for the Religious Right? Defending Liberal Civic Education, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 29, Issue 2, 30 May 2006.

This article argues that Bowers and Paternoster’s emphasis on a moral community marks an important step towards a more ethical and effective approach to anti-doping. However, it also argues that the authors’ proposed strategies undermine their stated goal of effectively engaging athletes as partners in anti-doping efforts and raise ethical concerns. Their proposed emphasis on exploiting shaming as a punishment and their general view of athletes as adversaries fosters mistrust between athletes and those who enforce the anti-doping rules. Instead, this (...) article describes a model for empowering athletes as stakeholders in anti-doping policy as a means to provide anti-doping rules with increased moral legitimacy among athletes. (shrink)

Democracy is in crisis and one core feature is a communications crisis: a failure of institutions to reliably generate and curate the circulation of information and communications. Capitalism, the internet and Covid have all been unkind to journalism: newspapers and their reporters have been decimated. Newer media – such as Facebook, Twitter and Google – have amassed enormous power in a remarkably short time. They are the new gatekeepers of free expression, as witnessed by the Twitter ban of Donald Trump. (...) Social media platforms are also the bullhorns of disinformation: they seem to exacerbate polarization, sow distrust, speed the spread of misinformation and encourage conspiracist thinking. Can the media companies be trusted to self-regulate? What alternatives do we have? I argue in the end that the Facebook Oversight Board offers a hopeful model. (shrink)

Patriotism is subject to searing moral criticism, but is it necessarily a vice? The article offers a conditional defense of patriotism. It acknowledges that even at its best, patriotism is a dangerous virtue and prone to abuse. Nevertheless, we ought to acknowledge the truth that a just patriotism is possible, and we should seek to specify and bring about its conditions. Just as it is permissible to form deep attachments to imperfect others, so, too, it is not always wrong to (...) feel a special attachment to and responsibility for one’s own country. Even so, addressing patriotism’s manifest dangers requires enacting practical institutional reforms. These include greater protections for rights of political dissent and contestation, insulating the school curriculum from politicization and bringing more attention to the nation’s shortcomings, and greatly expanding the role of international institutions and perspectives which furnish a salutary check on national self-preference. (shrink)

A crescente digitalização da saúde, impulsionada por sistemas de informação, algoritmos e inteligência artificial, redefine as práticas clínicas, a gestão e a circulação de informações na esfera pública. O presente artigo objetiva analisar a ciência da informação em saúde diante dos desafios tecnológicos e éticos que impactam a razão pública contemporânea. Busca-se investigar como a circulação de informações em saúde, mediada por sistemas digitais, algoritmos e inteligência artificial, pode tanto fortalecer a autonomia cidadã e a deliberação democrática quanto reproduzir assimetrias (...) e invisibilizações. Para isso, será realizada pesquisa de natureza teórica, qualitativa e bibliográfica, fundamentada em revisão narrativa da literatura, contemplando estudos que abordam a relação entre informação em saúde, tecnologia e esfera pública. A discussão é orientada por perspectivas críticas, incluindo reflexões inspiradas em teorias da comunicação e ética da informação, que subsidiam a proposição de diretrizes para que a ciência da informação em saúde atue como mediadora ética e crítica, capaz de promover práticas comunicativas transparentes, inclusivas e socialmente responsáveis. Palavras-chave: Ciência da Informação em Saúde. Ética da Informação. Esfera Pública. (shrink)

This paper presents a variable neighborhood descent algorithm for the service restoration problem (SRP) in electrical distribution systems. The restoration problem appears when a permanent fault occurs in the system. The fault must be localized and isolated from the rest of the system. As a consequence of the isolation, the downstream area is de-energized and requires restoration. The variable neighborhood descent algorithm features its ability to solve the SRP for radial distribution systems and introduces a strategy that helps to deal (...) with the system’s radiality. Tests are performed using a 53-node test system. The results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently solve the SRP in a distribution system, and as a deterministic algorithm, the results can be used to help nondeterministic algorithms. (shrink)

In Testing for Athlete Citizenship: Regulating Doping and Sex in Sport, Kathryn E. Henne provides ‘a genealogical account of anti-doping regulation by questioning the meanings we take from sport’ (...

Political scientists and economists, most American, met in San Francisco in January 1998 for the annual meeting of the American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy. They pondered how, in light of new democracies throughout the world over the previous decade, democratic institutions can be better crafted to avoid some of the disillusionment that invariably follows the initial flush of enthusiasm. The 12 papers that emerged cover deliberation, decision, and enforcement; democracy beyond the nation state; and whether there are limits (...) to institutional design. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR. (shrink)

O presente artigo busca analisar a tese de Husserl sobre a idealidade da significação, trazendo, com isso, não apenas a revisão do conteúdo teórico da Primeira Investigação Lógica, mas também sua interlocução com alguns elementos fundadores da fenomenologia. As distinções essenciais entre índice [Anzeichen] e expressão [Ausdruck] direcionam o leitor para a análise da unidade formada pelo ato de significação, sentido e objeto. A diferença entre esses elementos é fundamental para o estágio inicial da obra de Husserl e possui repercussão (...) em sua evolução posterior às investigações. Por fim, busca-se pontuar a importância da autenticidade [eigentlichkeit] da descrição fenomenológica em contrapartida à flutuação subjetiva das significações ocasionais, tendo em vista que a possibilidade do conhecimento sustenta-se sobre a idealidade do conteúdo das expressões e que a diferença entre o objetivo e o subjetivo não se aplica ao conteúdo das significações. (shrink)

Neste artigo é examinada a interação entre seres humanos e _chatbots_ de inteligência artificial (IA), a partir das contribuições da filosofia fenomenológica e pós-fenomenológica da tecnologia. O problema investigado é a crescente incorporação de sistemas de IA em domínios relacionais e subjetivos da vida humana, como saúde mental, espiritualidade e companhia emocional, e os efeitos dessa mediação sobre a constituição da subjetividade e da moralidade. O objeto de estudo são os _chatbots_ de IA generativa utilizados em interações conversacionais. O objetivo (...) é analisar como esses sistemas participam da constituição do sujeito moral, propondo diretrizes éticas para sua interação. A metodologia é teórico-filosófica, com base nas abordagens de Don Ihde e Peter-Paul Verbeek, complementada por referências empíricas e conceituais recentes. O estudo identifica que as tecnologias de IA, ao simular alteridade e empatia, não são neutras: moldam percepções, decisões e comportamentos, especialmente em populações vulneráveis. Os resultados indicam que a interação com IA demanda transparência ontológica, mecanismos de proteção e promoção do letramento em IA, além do cultivo de práticas de reflexão crítica por parte dos usuários. Conclui-se que o design ético e o uso consciente dessas tecnologias são fundamentais para preservar a complexidade da experiência humana, a liberdade e a dignidade dos sujeitos, em um contexto de crescente integração entre homens e máquinas. (shrink)

BackgroundAdvance directives (ADs) were implemented in Portugal in 2012. Although more than a decade has passed since Law 25/2012 came into force, Portuguese people have very low levels of adherence. In this context, this study aimed to identify and analyse the attitudes of people aged 18 or older living in Portugal towards ADs and to determine the relationships between sociodemographic variables (gender/marital status/religion/level of education/residence/whether they were a health professional/whether they had already drawn up a living will) and people’s attitudes (...) towards ADs.MethodsAn online cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using a convenience sample. For this purpose, a request (email) that publicized the link to a –form—which included sociodemographic data and the General Public Attitudes Toward Advance Care Directives (GPATACD) scale—was sent to 28 higher education institutions and 30 senior universities, covering all of mainland Portugal and the islands (Azores and Madeira). The data were collected between January and February 2023.ResultsA total of 950 adults from completed the online form. The lower scores (mean 1 and 2) obtained in most responses by applying the GPATACD scale show that the sample of the Portuguese population has a very positive attitude towards ADs. The data showed that women, agnostics/atheists, health professionals and those who had already made a living will had more positive attitudes (p < 0.001) towards ADs. There were no statistically significant differences in the attitudes of the Portuguese population sample towards ADs in relation to marital status, education level, and residence.ConclusionThe results obtained enable us to confirm that this sample of the Portuguese population has a positive attitude towards ADs. We verify that there are certain fringes of this sample with certain sociodemographic characteristics (women, agnostics/atheists, health professionals and those who had already made a living will) that have a more positive attitude towards ADs. This data could facilitate the implementation and adjustment of relevant measures, particularly in the field of health education and aimed at groups with less favourable attitudes, to increase the effectiveness of voluntary exercise of citizens’ autonomy in end-of-life care planning. (shrink)

O artigo almeja articular os horizontes do ser (Filosofia Antiga e Medieval), da consciência (Filosofia Moderna) e da linguagem (Filosofia Contemporânea) presentes na história da Filosofia, ressaltando a dimensão cosmológica, no primeiro momento, gnosiológica, no segundo, e linguística, no último, como uma forma de explicitar os paradigmas pressupostos nos discursos filosóficos. Além desses horizontes, iremos avançar, também, em direção ao horizonte decolonial ou pós-colonial e, assim, realizar a atualização dos paradigmas atualmente vigentes, especialmente na filosofia latino-americana.

The present article deals with the concept of power in the birth and sustenance of the State from the conceptual link of the works of G. W. F. Hegel and Carl Schmitt. Hegel, in Philosophy of Right, proposed an route of the will in its historical movement, whose point of arrival is the State. The will, expressing freedom, would be the dynamizing and founding principle of the State entity itself. Carl Schmitt, following Hegel's reading of the law doctrine, also admitted (...) the will as the basis of the State, superimposed over the law itself, since the law has no power to create the political structure of the size of the state entity. Specifically, the article explores how both the aforementioned philosopher and the political theorist mentioned have provided explanations as to whether power is generated in the internal gears of the state or whether it is transmitted to the state entity from an external source. To achieve this goal, three aspects are analyzed: the first one is the degree of similarity between Hegel's free will and the "decision" elaborated by Schmitt. The second aspect seeks to identify how will and decision are inserted in the composition of the State as a political entity. Finally, this article considers how will and decision in the state are contained or stimulated by the constitutional device. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo discute a conexão entre a interseccionalidade e a justiça social nas pesquisas educacionais. Parte da apresentação da interseccionalidade como lente analítica multifocal para interpretação social, passa por sua articulação ao pensamento bidimensional de justiça social, como alternativa frente às perspectivas investigativas unidimensionais, para discutir acerca das coletividades interseccionais e de uma justiça integradora. É um estudo hermenêutico de trabalhos de Nancy Fraser e de intelectuais da interseccionalidade – como, Patrícia Hill Collins, Sirma Bilge, Ângela Davis, Kimberlé Crenshaw, (...) Lélia González e Heleieth Saffioti. Conclui que investigações educacionais para a justiça social precisam estar vinculadas aos estudos interseccionais e, a interseccionalidade ao seu compromisso com a justiça social. Palavras-chave: Interseccionalidade; Justiça Social; Interpretação Intersectional collectivities and integrative justice: interpreting the relationship between social justice and intersectionality Abstract: The article discusses the connection between intersectionality and social justice in educational research. It begins with the presentation of intersectionality as a multifocal analytical lens for social interpretation, and goes through its articulation to two-dimensional social justice thinking, as an alternative to one-dimensional investigative perspectives, to discuss intersectional collectivities and integrative justice. It is a hermeneutic study of works by Nancy Fraser and intersectionality intellectuals - such as, Patricia Hill Collins, Sirma Bilge, Angela Davis, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Lélia González, and Heleieth Saffioti. It concludes that educational research for social justice needs to be linked to intersectional studies and, intersectionality to its commitment to social justice. Keywords: Intersectionality; Social Justice; Interpretation Colectividades interseccionales y justicia integradora: interpretando la relación entre justicia social e interseccionalidade Resumen: El artículo analiza la conexión entre la interseccionalidad y la justicia social en la investigación educativa. Comienza presentando la interseccionalidad como una lente analítica multifocal para la interpretación social, y pasa a discutir su articulación con el pensamiento bidimensional de la justicia social como alternativa a las perspectivas de investigación unidimensionales, para discutir las colectividades interseccionales y la justicia integradora. Se trata de un estudio hermenéutico de las obras de Nancy Fraser y de intelectuales interseccionales como Patricia Hill Collins, Sirma Bilge, Angela Davis, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Lélia González y Heleieth Saffioti. Concluye que la investigación educativa para la justicia social debe estar vinculada a los estudios interseccionales, y la interseccionalidad a su compromiso con la justicia social. Palabras clave: Interseccionalidad; Justicia Social; Interpretación Data de registro: 02/08/2022 Data de aceite: 26/04/2023. (shrink)

O artigo aborda a luta da Comunidade Boa Esperança em Teresina pelo autorreconhecimento como quilombo urbano. Explora a importância de resgatar a história oficial da cidade hegemônica e as histórias vivas da cidade marginalizada. Utilizando a História Oral como metodologia, o estudo visa jogar luz e compreender os processos de ressignificação do território e das identidades negras na comunidade ao se reconhecer como quilombo.

El presente artículo propone discutir en el plano teórico las relaciones entre los conceptos de revisión de perspectivas y relevancia argumentativa con el fin de conceptualizar lo que se define como salto epistémico necesario a la construcción de conocimiento en el aula a través de la argumentación. De esta manera, permite entender mejor el papel de esta práctica social en el aprendizaje, contribuyendo para la discusión educacional, e impulsando cuestionamientos y nuevas preguntas sobre lo que se concibe como aprendizaje escolar (...) mismo. Además, propone un concepto que avanza en el entendimiento teórico de la argumentación en el contexto escolar (muy poco espontáneo), siendo relevante para el campo de la teoría de la argumentación. (shrink)

O presente artigo trata do conceito de poder na gênese e na sustentação do Estado a partir do vínculo conceitual das obras de G. W. F. Hegel e Carl Schmitt. Hegel, na Filosofia do Direito, propôs um itinerário da vontade em seu movimento histórico. A vontade, expressando a liberdade, seria o princípio dinamizador e fundante do próprio ente estatal. Carl Schmitt, retendo a leitura de Hegel sobre o direito, também admitiu a vontade como base do Estado, sobreposta à própria lei, (...) visto que esta não possui força para criar a estrutura política do porte do ente estatal. Especificamente, o artigo explora como o filósofo e o teórico político mencionados forneceram explicações sobre se o poder é gerado nas engrenagens internas do Estado ou se ele é transmitido ao ente estatal de uma fonte externa. Para alcançar tal objetivo, analisam-se três aspectos: o primeiro deles é o grau de semelhança entre a vontade livre de Hegel e a “decisão” elaborada por Schmitt. O segundo aspecto procura identificar como a vontade e a decisão se inserem na composição do Estado enquanto entidade política. Por fim, considera-se neste artigo como a vontade e a decisão no Estado são contidas ou estimuladas pelo dispositivo constitucional. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo defende o reconhecimento da relevância das variáveis geográficas para a prática do esporte eletrônico (esport). A discussão apresentada está situada na intersecção entre a geografia do esporte e a geografia da internet e é orientada por literatura anterior dos Game Studies. Os dados empíricos foram obtidos em um estudo longitudinal de jogadores semiprofissionais da cidade de Belém, na Amazônia, realizado entre os anos de 2017 e 2019, cujos resultados convergem com dados sobre a internet brasileira disponibilizados pelo (...) Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil. A análise do material disponível indica a presença de mediações espaciais coerentes com os três eixos dos estudos da Geografia: físico, tecnológico e cultural. O espaço físico impõe dificuldades na distância em relação às cidades que são sedes de campeonatos, nacionais e internacionais, bem como para adquirir equipamentos. Essa última é também uma mediação técnica, pois tem reflexos sobre a qualidade do hardware utilizado pelos jogadores. A mediação tecno-espacial mais evidente diz respeito à qualidade das conexões de internet disponíveis nos diferentes locais. Os fatores da geografia humana incluem questões étnicas, de classe social e de gênero, bem como outros aspectos culturais. As primeiras foram identificadas na literatura pré-existente sobre esports, enquanto outros aspectos culturais apareceram de forma clara entre os dados do estudo apresentado.Palavras-chave: Esports; Espaço; Geografia.Abstract: This paper argues for the recognition of the relevance of geographical variables for the practice of electronic sports (esports). The discussion presented is situated at the intersection between Sport Geography and Internet Geography and is guided by previous Game Studies literature. The empirical data comes from a longitudinal study of semi-professional players from the city of Belém, in the Amazon, conducted between 2017 and 2019. The results of that study converge with data about the Brazilian internet provided by Brazilian Internet Steering Committee. The analysis of this material indicates the presence of spatial mediations coherent with the three axes of Geography studies: physical, technological and cultural. The difficulties coming from physical space are related to the distance between the location of the players and the cities that host national and international championships, as well as the centers from which hardware is acquired. The latter is also a technical mediation, as it constrains the quality of the equipment used by the players. The most prominent techno-spatial mediation is the quality of the internet connections available at different places. Human geography factors include ethnic, social class and gender issues as well as other cultural factors. The first and second were identified in the existing literature about esports, the latter figured in the results of the study presented.Keywords: Esports; Space; Geography. (shrink)

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta uma investigação sobre narrativas de gênero produzidas por um grupo de acadêmicas cabo-verdianas, focando nas suas perspectivas acerca dos discursos recentes sobre feminismo. Ao nível analítico lexical, a análise das narrativas teve como suporte o Sistema de Avaliatividade. Ao nível analítico interpretativo, as representações das narradoras foram analisadas e acordo com a abordagem de Fairclough em conjuntos de conceitos de Estudos feministas. Os resultados apontam que o termo gênero foi usado como sinônimo de equilíbrio entre os (...) sexos. Esta perspectiva permitiu que as narradoras se posicionassem no sentido de que as relações desiguais de gênero afetam ambos os gêneros, mesmo tendo conhecimento que historicamente as condições de vida mulheres foram construídas em de desvantagem em relação aos homens. O pouco uso dos termos feminista/feminismo foi atrelado a significados atributivos e avaliativos que os representavam como ‘muito fortes’. Neste sentido, estes termos parecem se referir a uma agenda excludente que diz respeito apenas às necessidades das mulheres. Em conclusão, as avaliações das participantes sobre as categorias gênero e feminismo expressam a complexidade de suas experiências locais, que algumas vezes são representadas como contraditórias. (shrink)

Este artigo discute a presença neoplatônica e aristotélica na metafísica de Ibn Gabirol. Para tanto, são confrontadas as teorias de Plotino e Gabirol, em alguns dos pontos principais, nos quais a semelhança já foi apontada: o Primeiro Princípio, o intermediário entre Deus e o mundo e a questão da matéria universal. Identificadas as diferenças entre as propostas daqueles autores quanto ao tratamento destas questões, serão apresentadas brevemente algumas contribuições que podem ter sido provenientes das obras de Aristóteles, visando esclarecer a (...) origem do tratamento conferido a estes temas por Ibn Gabirol. Acreditamos que a obra de Ibn Gabirol deva ser entendida inserida em seu contexto histórico-filosófico, que primava por ver as doutrinas de Platão e Aristóteles, não como conflitantes, mas como complementares, bem como no sentido de sua compatibilização com o criacionismo abrahâmico que, no caso, obedece ao primado judaico da dessemelhança radical entre Deus e a criação. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Ibn Gabirol. Hilemorfismo Universal. Aristóteles. Substância. Matéria Inteligível. (shrink)

This paper aims to perform a qualitative synthesis of literature concerning the representation of information in displaced archives. Methodologically, this communication is configured in a metasynthesis oriented to theory building, constituting a non-reactive, documentary-based and exploratory type of study, focused on articles and books chapters published in English between 1954 and 2019. The collection of texts is supported by the SPICE strategy, applied to the search in databases (WoS and EBSCO). We adopted content analysis according to the assumptions of Charmaz (...) and Finfgeld-Connett. Of the 443 records, 155 texts that responded to the research purposes were included. Three themes emerged from the content analysis around the aforementioned theme with a view to theory building: “anarchivism as (non-) representation”, “archive of the archive”, and “archival canon”. Finally, displaced archives constitute an emerging theme in several domains, so it is important to explore the complex nature of this phenomenon from the point of view of representation and knowledge organization. (shrink)

An important conservation strategy for endangered species, such as the four tapir species, is to translocate animals to their historical ranges. In this chapter, we review tapir translocation initiatives to provide insight into future tapir reintroductions. Translocation projects have focused primarily on lowland tapirs; Baird’s tapirs and mountain tapirs have received limited translocation attention, and there have been no translocation projects for the Malayan tapir. Lowland tapir reintroduction projects have been initiated in Iberá, Argentina, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with (...) the goal of establishing self-sustaining populations in the 2010s. In Iberá, 11 adults were translocated between September 2016 and November 2018. However, the project had to be suspended due to the exotic hemoflagellate parasite Trypanosoma evansi, which resulted in the death of five tapirs in the field due to parasite infection. The tapir reintroduction project in Rio de Janeiro is currently underway, with 14 tapirs have been released between 2017 and 2021. Since then, four calves have been born in the wild, but six of the translocated tapirs have died. These two examples highlight the challenges that can arise and underscore the importance of adaptive management in translocation projects. (shrink)

More than three hundred years after the case for toleration received classic expositions in writings by Pierre Bayle, John Locke and others, the grounds and limits of toleration remain hotly contested. While broad principles of religious toleration reign in most Western nations and elsewhere, the freedom to contest and reject dominant religious and political views is sharply limited in many places. The term ‘fundamentalism’ was originally coined by Protestant anti‐modernists and biblical literalists. It has since come to be applied to (...) a wide range of religious and even political movements, often highly traditionalistic, who reject accommodations with modern liberal culture or politics, and who see themselves as recovering an original and strict understanding of religious truths. In the United States, Protestant fundamentalists have long opposed the teaching of Darwinian evolution, and many promote ‘creation science’ or ‘intelligent design’ as alternatives. In Europe, Salman Rushdie's depiction of Muhammad in The Satanic Verses provoked violent demonstrations and led the Ayatollah Khomeini to pronounce a death sentence on the author. More recently, ‘Islamic fundamentalism’ has come to be associated with militant hostility to the West. (shrink)

Este texto apresenta algumas reflexões de um Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, escrito a partir de uma pesquisa de Iniciação Científica, realizada durante os anos de 2017 a 2019. Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer as histórias e memórias da comunidade quilombola de Queimadas, situada no município de Guanambi Ba, tendo como foco as trajetórias de vida dos líderes locais e sua relação com a educação escolar. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de pesquisa entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete lideranças quilombolas, observação participante (...) e diário de campo. Para a análise e a interpretação dos dados recorreu-se da técnica de análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Os resultados sinalizam as dificuldades vivenciadas durante a infância e juventude dos quilombolas e que permanecem até os dias atuais. É possível perceber como os olhares se cruzam através dos discursos que retomam nas experiências durante a formação da comunidade. Além disso, a intensa relação com o trabalho e ausência de políticas públicas é recorrente nos relatos apresentados. Dentre os vários fatores que dificultaram e/ou dificultam os quilombolas permanecerem na escola, com vistas ao processo de escolarização, podemos destacar, o currículo que produz a invisibilidade desses sujeitos e a migração em busca da sobrevivência. Nesse sentido, é urgente uma escola dentro da comunidade, referenciada na perspectiva de uma educação escolar quilombola, tendo os líderes locais como protagonistas, para que os conteúdos escolares dialoguem com suas histórias, memórias, lutas e vivências. Ademais, é imprescindível investimento do poder público local, para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos quilombolas, bem como formação específica dos professores, tendo em vista a construção de uma educação diferenciada, contextualizada e antirracista. Palavras-chave: Lideranças; Quilombo; Educação; Memória; História. (shrink)

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo expor as implicações do conceito de estrangeiro no campo político da cidadania. Dito de outro modo, a propõe-se aqui compreender o que torna o ser humano um cidadão, elemento inserido na rotina e na jurisdição da cidade, e o estrangeiro, ente esvaziado de características políticas, e como a polaridade cidadão-estrangeiro se configura na relação entre países após a Modernidade. Para tal, foram visitados os acordos internacionais vigentes de direitos do homem, bem como os textos (...) do filósofo grego Aristóteles confrontados com as ideias do pensador italiano Giorgio Agamben sobre a mesma questão. (shrink)

This article articulates and explores a localist conception of citizenship that stands in contrast to more liberal, neoliberal and cosmopolitan conceptions. A localist orientation, and some real sy...

Some of the fundamental activities of the software development process are related to the discipline of Requirements Engineering. Their objectives are to discover, analyze, document, and verify the system’s requirements. The requirements are the conditions or capabilities that software needs to have or fulfill to meet its users’ needs, and problems in its identification can mean the failure of a software project. This study is part of the research that is being developed to propose a model based on Know­ledge Organization (...) Systems to be used in the Requirements engineering process. This article aims to present the results of an analysis on a set of Know­ledge Organization Systems to identify whether they are likely to be applied in the Requirements engineering process and identify at which stage of this process each one of them can be implemented. The Know­ledge Organization Systems analyzed were the authority files, gazetteers, glossaries, subject headings, classification systems, thesauri, semantic networks, and ontologies. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the Know­ledge Organization Systems analyzed can be used in the Requirements engineering process and, consequently, contribute to increasing the software requirements’ quality. (shrink)