S’inscrivant dans une histoire du genre florissante de l’Italie pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, comme en témoignent notamment les travaux d’Anna Bravo, Anna Maria Bruzzone, Dianale Gaglinai ou encore de Gabriella Gribaudi, l’ouvrage de Michela Ponzani, issu d’une thèse de doctorat, étudie les mémoires féminines de la guerre et leurs écarts par rapport à la « mémoire nationale ». En rendant compte des expériences variées vécues par les femmes entre 1940 et 1945, l’auteure s’attache à démon...

Cette anthologie remarquable, de textes et documents pour une histoire européenne des femmes et du genre, est issue de la collaboration entre le « Groupe Genre & Europe » du Laboratoire d’excellence « Écrire une nouvelle histoire de l’Europe » (LabEx EHNE) et l’association Mnémosyne. Elle rassemble plus de soixante-dix textes originaires de l’Europe tout entière, publiés en langue originale (une quinzaine) et traduits en français, auquel s’ajoute un corpus iconographique diversifié (dessins,...

Dans l’avalanche de publications sur la Première Guerre mondiale suscitées par son centenaire, nombre évoqueront certainement Verdun, mais qui se souvient que le second conflit mondial eut aussi son Verdun? Ainsi fut surnommée, en raison de son semblable « déluge de feu massif et terrifiant », la longue bataille de Monte Cassino, centrée sur son monastère, devenu selon les nazis, l’emblème de la culture européenne. Si cet ouvrage, extrêmement riche, offre « l’anatomie de la bataille », sui...

“General Abilities Compatibilism” (GAC) says that the ability to do otherwise relevant for free will is a mere general ability. It thus explains how free will is compatible with determinism: Nobody believes that an agent who is lawfully determined to not raise her hand thereby lacks the general ability (or capacity) to raise her hand. At the same time, GAC faces the charge of changing the subject. General abilities to do otherwise are compatible with determinism because they ignore circumstantial detail. (...) But why are these general abilities pertinent for free will? Why not specific abilities that consider the complete circumstances? In this paper, I develop GAC in terms of how general abilities explain the freedom (or unfreedom) of actions. We know from the philosophy of science that we often prefer abstract explanations that ignore circumstantial detail. I use this insight to motivate GAC and respond to the above challenge. (shrink)

This commentary responds to Moti Gorin's article “What Is the Aim of Pediatric ‘Gender‐Affirming’ Care?” We argue that Gorin's case against pediatric gender‐affirming care rests upon numerous false conceptual binaries: female/male, public/private, objective/subjective, and medically necessary/elective. Drawing on feminist bioethics, we show how such dichotomous thinking is both inaccurate and marginalizing of gender minorities.

Amidst the misinformation climate about trans people and their health care that dominates policy and social discourse, autonomy‐based rationales for gender‐affirming care for trans and nonbinary youth are being called into question. In this commentary, which responds to “What Is the Aim of Pediatric ‘Gender‐Affirming’ Care?,” by Moti Gorin, we contextualize the virulent ideas circulating in misinformation campaigns that have become weaponized for unprecedented legal interference into standard health care. We conclude that the current legal justifications for upending gender‐affirming care (...) gloss over how this health care field meets conventional evidentiary standards and aligns protocols with most other fields of medicine. Refusal to offer gender‐affirming care is more harmful than centralizing trans and nonbinary people's health autonomy. (shrink)

Currently, the provision of gender-affirming care to transgender and gender-diverse youth is highly contested. Fractious debate is being waged by GAC-permissive and GAC-restrictive proponents which has, importantly, spilled-over into the political domain. In the paper, an ethics analysis of gender-affirming care for youth is employed through the application of a set of relevant, ethics lenses, i.e., individual and relational autonomy; patient welfare (comparative benefits and burdens of GAC); health equity; traditional-distributive, formal and social justice; and injustices related to health research (...) and political interference. In the author’s view, this multi-lens analysis supports the continued use of a potentially adapted version of the gender-affirming care model in the assessment and treatment of transgender and gender-diverse youth. Arising from the analysis, a set of suggested recommendations is proposed that could potentially inform clinical practice and the development/revision of gender-affirming care for youth practice-standards, health policy and legislation. (shrink)

This commentary responds to the article “What Is the Aim of Pediatric ‘Gender‐Affirming’ Care?,” by Moti Gorin, in the same issue of the journal. Gender‐affirming care is often treated as exceptional and subject to heightened scrutiny. This exceptionalization results in its being held to stricter evidentiary standards than other forms of medical interventions are. But values and value judgments are inextricable from the practice of evidence‐based medicine. For gender‐affirming care, values shape what counts as “strong” evidence, whether the legitimacy of (...) transgender identity is assumed versus treated as something to be investigated, how to characterize the testimonial accounts of trans and gender‐nonconforming patients, and more. We argue that these kinds of questions are part of the practice of medicine, not exceptional to transgender people and gender‐affirming care. However, litigation of evidence for gender‐affirming care in state and national policy underscores the moral urgency of thinking carefully about what values ought to guide evidence. (shrink)

We explored the relationship between 24 character strengths measured by the Global Assessment of Character Strengths (GACS), which was revised from the original VIA instrument, and moral functioning comprising postconventional moral reasoning, empathic traits and moral identity. Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) was employed to explore the best models, which were more parsimonious than full regression models estimated through frequentist regression, predicting moral functioning indicators with the 24 candidate character strength predictors. Our exploration was conducted with a dataset collected from 666 (...) college students at a public university in the Southern United States. Results showed that character strengths as measured by GACS partially predicted relevant moral functioning indicators. Performance evaluation results demonstrated that the best models identified by BMA performed significantly better than the full models estimated by frequentist regression in terms of AIC, BIC, and cross-validation accuracy. We discuss theoretical and methodological implications of the findings for future studies addressing character strengths and moral functioning. (shrink)

Jeffrey Kirby’s (2025) analysis surveys ethical dimensions of pediatric gender-affirming care (GAC), an area of practice and policy that has been subjected to increased political and legal attentio...

Political debate regarding trans youth’s access to gender-affirming care (GAC) has pushed many to advocate for GAC by pointing to tragic, pathological outcomes of non-treatment, namely suicide. However, these pathologized arguments are a harmful ethical “shortcut” which should be replaced by a meaningful engagement with the ethics of providing GAC to youth.

This response to Kariyawasam and Rai affirms their critique of the pathologization of trans youth but forecasts a foreseeable negative outcome of their proposed elimination of diagnosis as a prerequisite to gender-affirming care (GAC) — the risk of removing GAC entirely from the medical sphere and compromising the wellbeing of those transgender individuals for whom GAC is deeply affirming. We suggest an ethical framework of GAC that expands past a focus on autonomy to incorporate a principle of respect for persons (...) that affirms the dignity and diversity of trans youth — recognizing the need to facilitate both medical assistance and social change. (shrink)

Kirby’s target article rightly includes “justice” as an important ethical lens through which to look at issues and controversies around pediatric gender affirming care (GAC) (Kirby 2025). As Kirby...

In “A Multi-Lens Ethics Analysis of Gender-Affirming Care for Youth with Implications for Practice and Policy,” Jeffrey Kirby (2025) argues that the issue of GAC for adolescents needs to be reframe...

Manuscript type Empirical. Research question/issue This paper aims to contribute to an improved theoretical and empirical understanding of the role that corporation has to play in anticorruption efforts. Research findings/insights Using cross-country data from three databases (Bribe Payers Index, Corruption Perceptions Index, and Doing Business) we found that pro-bribery Investment Climate conditions in host countries are not related to the payments of bribes by multinational companies when these corporations operate abroad. Theoretical/academic implications After describing the conceptual and policy framework that (...) surrounds the discussion on the role played by firms in anticorruption, we present the current debate regarding the effectiveness of international bribery control instruments, with the World Bank-GAC (2006-2008) report as a basis. Both literature and policy seem to be divided into two main, although not mutually exclusive, positions: one demands improvements in Investment Climate conditions from a joint public-private consensus led by international agencies; the other one supports the effectiveness of self-regulation by firms, independent of Investment Climate improvements. The study provides empirical support to the idea that a better Investment Climate is not enough for reducing corrup tion. Practitioner/policy implications This study offers insights to policy makers interested in promoting the involvement of corporations in the fight against corruption. (shrink)

Catalan anarchist Salvador Puig Antich was part of the military branch of a small revolutionary organization called the Movimento Ibérico de Liberación/Grupos autónomos de combate (Iberian Liberation Movement/Autonomous Combat Groups) (MIL/GAC). He participated in bank robberies (“expropriations”) meant to finance clandestine propaganda and support striking workers. After a series of such robberies, in September 1973 Puig Antich and comrade Xavier Garriga were ambushed by police; in the melee, Puig Antich was injured and deputy inspector Francisco Anguas Barragán was shot to (...) death. There are still different explanations of what happened at that time; independent researchers suggest the policeman died from shots fired both by his own colleagues and by Puig Antich. Before the tribunal took place, however, the prime minister was assassinated by Basque ETA (Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna) separatists, and subsequent desire for revenge on the part of the authorities, together with a summary military trial, full of irregularities, produced two death sentences. Despite an international solidarity movement against Puig Antich's death penalty, he was executed by garrote on March 2, 1974, setting off protests and strikes in Barcelona, foreshadowing the end of the Franco dictatorship in 1975. (shrink)

What ethically justifies the provision of invasive and irreversible treatments to minors? In this commentary, I examine this question in response to Moti Gorin's article “What Is the Aim of Pediatric ‘Gender‐Affirming’ Care?,” which critiques autonomy‐based arguments for justification of gender‐affirming care in minors. Minors generally lack sufficient autonomy to make significant medical decisions or major life decisions. For this reason, parents are generally their decision‐makers, working with medical professionals to choose treatments that serve the best interests of the minor. (...) Medical care in minors is justified by beneficence, not autonomy, and this should be no different for gender‐affirming care. This severely undermines autonomy‐based arguments for provision of gender‐affirming care to minors. Given the lack of conclusive evidence for benefit, the nature of the treatment, and the fact that gender dysphoria in minors resolves spontaneously in most cases, there is presently insufficient justification for provision of such care to minors. (shrink)