Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the logical views of Stepan Balei, a Ukrainian philosopher, psychologist, and educator, as outlined in his logic textbook for gymnasiums. The aim of the study is to outline the place of S. Balei’s work in the context of the formation of Ukrainian logical terminology and to examine its content, methodological, and linguistic components. The research is conducted in the context of the educational and cultural processes of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when there was a need to develop Ukrainian-language textbooks in the humanities. This historical period was crucial for the development of professional Ukrainian-language education, which, due to the national revival, required the creation of its own terminological system in various fields of knowledge, particularly in philosophy and logic. The study analyzes the structure and terminology of the textbook, focusing on concepts, judgments, inferences, logical operations, and the symbolic representation of implication. Special attention is given to the main terms of logic proposed by Balei, which form the basis of Ukrainian logical language. The importance of logic as a means of discovering truth through the formation of correct judgments is emphasized. The influence of the Lviv-Warsaw School, especially the ideas of K. Twardowski and F. Brentano, on Balei’s views is traced. Examples of logical symbolism employed by Balei are examined, demonstrating his aspiration to formalize logic within Ukrainian humanities. The article highlights different tendencies in the development of Ukrainian logical terminology through a comparative analysis with Dmytro Chyzhevskyi’s textbook «Logic». Considerable attention is paid to Balei’s ideas on the relationship between thought and language, the nature of judgments, inferences, and the process of knowing the truth. The historical role of the Kamianets-Podilskyi State Ukrainian University is also considered, as well as the figure of Mykola Chaikovskyi, one of the first advocates of developing Ukrainian scientific terminology. The study concludes that Balei’s textbook not only served an educational purpose but also contributed significantly to the establishment of national philosophical and logical terminology and the intellectual development of Ukrainian youth and philosophical culture. Keywords: S. Balei (Baley), M. Chaikovskyi, D. Chyzhevskyi, logic, history of logic, Ukrainian logical terminology, Ukrainian scientific terminology.