Peter West re Robert Baird re Ross Douthat’s Believe: Why Everyone Should Be Religious

We are pleased to present a guest post by Peter West, who has been commenting and sometimes posting here for many years (sometimes under his initials, PBW). Peter will be joining us henceforth as a contributor, so we may hope to enjoy many future essays as excellent as this one.

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A friend sent me the text of Robert P. Baird’s hostile review, in the New York Review of Books, of Ross Douthat’s book Believe: Why Everyone Should Be Religious. Lest anyone mistake the intent, the article is titled God of the Gaps. I responded as (slightly edited) follows. Quoted blocks are from the review, except where otherwise indicated. Readers here may offer corrections to my poorly informed statements about the science and the maths.

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Stray Thoughts on Kevin O’Leary

I yesterday watched Tucker Carlson’s interview of Kevin O’Leary, a tech tycoon previously unknown to me, as I no doubt remain to him.  The interview was centered on AI, a portentous topic about which I will say nothing more here.  At least not directly.  

O’Leary is all in on AI, ostensibly because it is, in his view, the key to victory in an existential struggle with China—a struggle that he says threatens, as so many things have over the years been said to threaten, “the American way of life.”  O’Leary, a Canadian born to a Lebanese mother, has decided ideas about “the American way of life,” as do most entrepreneurial immigrants who barged into America the week before last.

In one of yesterday’s posts, I ventured the opinion that “the religion of converts is very often like the patriotism of immigrants: vociferous but shallow, distinct but possessed of only one side.”  This opinion was not modified by my subsequent exposure to Kevin O’Leary, who exudes immigrant patriotism from every pore of his flesh.  And this is shallow and one-sided because the land he loves is nothing more than a land, or perhaps a space, that loves nothing so much as entrepreneurial immigrants.

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Divine Omnipotence is Logically Constrained by Creaturely Freedom

Most worries about divine omnipotence in the popular philosophical discourse mistake it. They take it to be far more potent than in fact it can possibly be. In fact, divine omnipotence is pretty straitly constrained (in this, it is something like the infallibility of the Pope).

Omnipotence cannot effect a contradiction, e.g. God can’t make a square circle, or a married bachelor, or a childless father. Nor then likewise can he effect a state of affairs in our cosmos in which Julius Caesar was never assassinated on the Ides of March, or in which Custer won at Little Big Horn.

But then, consider: by that very same token, God cannot make a free creature who is not free to do as it likes. So, he cannot force a free creature – such as we – to his will. Sure, he can do his best to arrange the apparent incentives so that all the free creatures of a given cosmos of his creation and sustenance are likelier to move in the way he knows is best for them, all, mutatis mutandis. But while he may be able to rig the game, or tilt the playing field, he cannot force the outcomes.

That’s why, despite his best efforts, you can damn yourself.

A Soft-Focus Faith

Thomas Mozley’s memoir of the Oxford movement has been patiently waiting in my book queue, a long line of shuffling volumes that now stretches around the corner and down the block.  While waiting this morning for the mechanic’s verdict on my automobile, I gave Mozley’s memoir a glance.  Mozley was, I should explain, a principal in that movement and for many years one of John Henry Newman’s closest friends.   

Their friendship apparently ended when Newman swam the Tiber, at whose behest and with what anger I cannot say.

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Peeking into the House of an Exotic God

“Most tourists leave their own religion behind them, and amuse themselves by gazing at the externals of other religions.”  Thomas Mozley, Reminiscences Chiefly of Oriel College and the Oxford Movement (1882)*

It is a curious fact that overheard conversations in an exotic tongue sound more interesting than the banal imbecilities one overhears in a crowd of one’s own kind.  One knows as a matter of probability that the gabbling foreigners are just slandering a detested brother-in-law, boasting of a sordid seduction, or perhaps complaining about the infrequency of movement in their bowels—but the veil of unintelligibility causes one to feel the gabbling foreigners are deep souls exploring, like intrepid spelunkers, the very depths of life.

I must add that this is a transitory illusion because, like the sound of traffic, exotic gabble very quickly reduces to an irritant or background noise.

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The Way of All Flesh

“The first plantation on the route was ‘Lowood,’ the former home of David G. Mills, deceased.  This fine sugar estate . . . after the death of Mr. Mills, passed into the hands of . . . Emmet Perry and sister.  They leased it to negroes and it grew up into almost a wilderness, dotted here and there with a negro cabin and a small piece of cultivated land.  Last year Mr. Baker purchased the entire plantation, 4000 acres, and, removing the free labor, stocked the farm with convicts . . . and had the wand of a magician been waved over the place no greater improvement could have been made.  The brush and briars over hundreds of acres have been cut down and the land, after its long rest, plowed up and now the old place is fast resuming its ante-bellum looks.” 

Galveston Daily News (April 13, 1896)*

One wonders if this is not the great cycle of history.  To begin there is slavery; when slavery is destroyed, sloth takes its place; and then sloth is expelled and the old order is restored by the hard but productive discipline of penal servitude.  

The Lowood Plantation was located one hundred and thirty miles south of where I now sit, near the mouth of the river from which the county in which I reside takes its name.  David G. Mills, who died in 1885, was the richest man in Texas in the years before the Civil War, and with his brother is said to have owned 1000 slaves.**  His fate was, however, of the sort made legendary in the novels of William Faulkner, for Mills’ net wealth dropped by more than ninety percent between 1860 and 1870, and he was bankrupt by 1874.

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The Argument from Definiteness

I proposed the other day an Argument from Order, that was – uncharacteristically, for me – succinct enough that I can reiterate the whole thing here as preamble, without much injury to readers:

On atheism, Democritean atomism (or something like it) is simply true, and there is no real order; rather, there are only atoms colliding – or not – chaotically in the void. But there is real order; even mere atoms, their motions, and the void constitute an order. QED.

The present argument follows from that; or, rather, founds it.

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The Argument from Our Feeling of the Injustice of Our Discomfitures

Life is painful. This seems to us profoundly unfair. How could a perfectly good and omnipotent God have allowed all these manifest horrors we have suffered to have happened? We did not after all ask to be thrown into these our dire, dour predicaments. Rather, we simply found ourselves stuck in them. Where’s the justice in that?

But then, notice first: why are we even asking that question? This right now is happening; why are we asking whether or not it is altogether just that it should be happening? How does that question occur to us in the first place?

The very question shows that we feel that something better might perfectly well be happening instead, and so in justice ought to be happening.

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AI Amplifies the Internet’s Cultural Acid

Begin with the presupposition that our public culture, as presented to us in the media, was by 1980 or so entirely corrupt; that it was already by then, as we now say – as we now find ourselves able to say, because we can understand that it is – fake and ghey.

Then, the internet happened. People could search, and search engines soon enabled their searches. More and more documents became available online. Millions of curious guys – let’s face it, they were almost all guys – could see what there was to see, and find out. They started poking around in what there was to see. And so, they began to come up with some alternatives to the Narrative.

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