“The first plantation on the route was ‘Lowood,’ the former home of David G. Mills, deceased. This fine sugar estate . . . after the death of Mr. Mills, passed into the hands of . . . Emmet Perry and sister. They leased it to negroes and it grew up into almost a wilderness, dotted here and there with a negro cabin and a small piece of cultivated land. Last year Mr. Baker purchased the entire plantation, 4000 acres, and, removing the free labor, stocked the farm with convicts . . . and had the wand of a magician been waved over the place no greater improvement could have been made. The brush and briars over hundreds of acres have been cut down and the land, after its long rest, plowed up and now the old place is fast resuming its ante-bellum looks.”
Galveston Daily News (April 13, 1896)*
One wonders if this is not the great cycle of history. To begin there is slavery; when slavery is destroyed, sloth takes its place; and then sloth is expelled and the old order is restored by the hard but productive discipline of penal servitude.
The Lowood Plantation was located one hundred and thirty miles south of where I now sit, near the mouth of the river from which the county in which I reside takes its name. David G. Mills, who died in 1885, was the richest man in Texas in the years before the Civil War, and with his brother is said to have owned 1000 slaves.** His fate was, however, of the sort made legendary in the novels of William Faulkner, for Mills’ net wealth dropped by more than ninety percent between 1860 and 1870, and he was bankrupt by 1874.
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