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Prime Constellation


A prime constellation, also called a prime k-tuple, prime k-tuplet, or prime cluster, is a sequence of k consecutive numbers such that the difference between the first and last is, in some sense, the least possible. More precisely, a prime k-tuplet is a sequence of consecutive primes (p_1, p_2, ..., p_k) with p_k-p_1=s(k), where s(k) is the smallest number s for which there exist k integers b_1<b_2<...<b_k, b_k-b_1=s and, for every prime q, not all the residues modulo q are represented by b_1, b_2, ..., b_k (Forbes). For each k, this definition excludes a finite number of clusters at the beginning of the prime number sequence. For example, (97, 101, 103, 107, 109) satisfies the conditions of the definition of a prime 5-tuplet, but (3, 5, 7, 11, 13) does not because all three residues modulo 3 are represented (Forbes).

A prime double with s(2)=2 is of the form (p, p+2) and is called a pair of twin primes. Prime doubles of the form (p, p+4) are called cousin primes, and prime doubles of the form (p, p+6) are called