A prime constellation, also called a prime -tuple, prime
-tuplet, or prime cluster, is a sequence of
consecutive numbers such that the difference between the first
and last is, in some sense, the least possible. More precisely, a prime
-tuplet is a sequence of consecutive primes
(
,
,
...,
)
with
,
where
is the smallest number
for which there exist
integers
,
and, for every prime
, not all the residues modulo
are represented by
,
, ...,
(Forbes). For each
, this definition excludes a finite number of clusters at the
beginning of the prime number sequence. For example, (97, 101, 103, 107, 109) satisfies
the conditions of the definition of a prime 5-tuplet, but (3, 5, 7, 11, 13) does
not because all three residues modulo 3 are represented (Forbes).
A prime double with is of the form (
,
) and is called a pair of twin
primes. Prime doubles of the form (
,
) are called cousin primes,
and prime doubles of the form (
,
) are called