LIL' Science

LIL_Science Substack

Melanie Matheu, PhD (@lilscience.bsky.social)

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Newborn and Early Infant Outcomes Following Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination During Pregnancy

Evaluation of Acute Adverse Events after Covid-19 Vaccination during Pregnancy

Neonatal Outcomes After COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy

Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in Children

Find COVID‑19 vaccine locations near you

No-Cost COVID-19 Testing​

COVID-19 Test to Treat Locator - Where to find Paxlovid

Association of COVID-19 with short- and long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a prospective cohort in UK Biobank - PubMed

Long-term mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A national cohort study from Estonia - PubMed

COVID-19 Post-acute Sequelae Among Adults: 12 Month Mortality Risk - PubMed

High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 - Naturem,

How deadly is long Covid? Here's what a new CDC study found.

Exhaustion and over-activation of immune cells in COVID-19: Challenges and therapeutic opportunities

T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: A systematic review

Risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study

B lymphocytes in COVID-19: a tale of harmony and discordance - PubMed

Mucormycosis: “The Black Fungus” trampling post-COVID-19 patients

The detectable anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients may be associated with disease severity - Virology Journal

Distinguishing features of long COVID identified through immune profiling

Activation or exhaustion of CD8+ T cells in patients with COVID-19 - Cellular & Molecular Immunology

A comprehensive review about immune responses and exhaustion during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) - Cell Communication and Signaling

Surge of mucormycosis during the COVID-19 pandemic

Remodeling of T Cell Dynamics During Long COVID Is Dependent on Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Severe COVID-19 may lead to long-term innate immune system changes

Impaired function and delayed regeneration of dendritic cells in COVID-19

Loss of Bcl-6-Expressing T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Centers in COVID-19 - PubMed

Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection - PubMed

Profound dysregulation of T cell homeostasis and function in patients with severe COVID-19 - PubMed

Dysregulated naive B cells and de novo autoreactivity in severe COVID-19 - Nature

Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection Impairs Dendritic Cell and T Cell Responses

T-cell dysfunction as a potential contributing factor in post-COVID-19 mucormycosis - PubMed

T cell perturbations persist for at least 6 months following hospitalization for COVID-19

Alterations in T and B cell function persist in convalescent COVID-19 patients - PubMed

Immune dysfunction leads to mortality and organ injury in patients with COVID-19 in China: insights from ERS-COVID-19 study - PubMed

Lasting alterations in monocyte and dendritic cell subsets in individuals after 2 hospitalization for COVID-19

Remodeling of T Cell Dynamics During Long COVID Is Dependent on Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection - PubMed

Neuro-COVID long-haulers exhibit broad dysfunction in T cell memory generation and responses to vaccination

Longitudinal analysis reveals that delayed bystander CD8+ T cell activation and early immune pathology distinguish severe COVID-19 from mild disease - PubMed

Severe Adaptive Immune Suppression May Be Why Patients With Severe COVID-19 Cannot Be Discharged From the ICU Even After Negative Viral Tests - PubMed

T-Cell Hyperactivation and Paralysis in Severe COVID-19 Infection Revealed by Single-Cell Analysis - PubMed

Differential plasmacytoid dendritic cell phenotype and type I Interferon response in asymptomatic and severe COVID-19 infection - PubMed

Dendritic cell deficiencies persist seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection - PubMed

Depletion and Dysfunction of Dendritic Cells: Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Infection - PubMed

Lymphocyte Subset Counts in COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis - PubMed

Marked T cell activation, senescence, exhaustion and skewing towards TH17 in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia - PubMed

Long-term perturbation of the peripheral immune system months after SARS-CoV-2 infection - PubMed

Profound Treg perturbations correlate with COVID-19 severity - PubMed

A scoping review of regulatory T cell dynamics in convalescent COVID-19 patients – Implications for Long COVID?

Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - PubMed

A regulatory T cell signature distinguishes the immune landscape of COVID-19 patients from those with other respiratory infections - PubMed

Broad phenotypic alterations and potential dysfunction of lymphocytes in individuals clinically recovered from COVID-19 - PubMed

Lessons Learned Comparing Immune System Alterations of Bacterial Sepsis and SARS-CoV-2 Sepsis - PubMed

Persistent Autoimmune Activation and Proinflammatory State in Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 Syndrome - PubMed

Circulating anti-nuclear autoantibodies in COVID-19 survivors predict long-COVID symptoms - PubMed

Persistent Symptoms in Adult Patients 1 Year After Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Prospective Cohort Study - PubMed

The impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the incidence of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis - PubMed

COVID associated mucormycosis: A preliminary study from a dedicated COVID Hospital in Delhi - PubMed

Autoimmune and Rheumatic Manifestations Associated With COVID-19 in Adults: An Updated Systematic Review - PubMed

COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases - PubMed

New Onset of Autoimmune Diseases Following COVID-19 Diagnosis - PubMed

Air Cleaners, HVAC Filters, and Coronavirus (COVID-19) | US EPA

Real-world data show that filters clean COVID-causing virus from air

SARS-CoV-2 aerosol transmission in schools: the effectiveness of different interventions - PubMed

CDC Study: HEPA Filters Reduce COVID-19 Spread in Schools – Smart Air

Do HEPA Filters Really Catch Coronavirus Particles?

Removal of Airborne Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Other Microbial Bioaerosols by Air Filtration on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Surge Units

Air filter significantly reduces presence of airborne SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 wards

Use of Portable Air Cleaners and Transmission of COVID-19

Efficacy of Ventilation, HEPA Air Cleaners, Universal Masking, and Physical Distancing for Reducing Exposure to Simulated Exhaled Aerosols in a Meeting Room

Portable HEPA Purifiers to Eliminate Airborne SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review

Cleaner air: Protection from COVID-19

Ventilation Can Reduce COVID-19 Risk | Yale School Of Public Health

Are the Portable Air Cleaners (PAC) really effective to terminate airborne SARS-CoV-2?

Improving Ventilation in Schools, Colleges, and Universities to Prevent COVID-19 | U.S. Department of Education

Let's Clear The Air On COVID - The White House

Can HVAC systems help prevent transmission of COVID-19?

Testing mobile air purifiers in a school classroom: Reducing the airborne transmission risk for SARS-CoV-2

Lifting Universal Masking in Schools — Covid-19 Incidence among Students and Staff

Mask wearing in community settings reduces SARS-CoV-2 transmission

Harvard Report: Face masks: An essential protective measure while traveling

Harvard Study: Assessment of Risks of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission During Air Travel and Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions to Reduce Risk

Yale: Largest study on masks and Covid-19 demonstrates their effectiveness in the real world

Randomized Controlled Trial: Impact of community masking on COVID-19: A cluster-randomized trial in Bangladesh

An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19

Face masks for COVID pass their largest test yet

Effectiveness of face masks in blocking the transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A preliminary evaluation of masks used by SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals

An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19

Efficacy of masks and face coverings in controlling outward aerosol particle emission from expiratory activities

Effectiveness of Mask Wearing to Control Community Spread of SARS-CoV-2

Face Mask Use in the Community for Reducing the Spread of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Effectiveness of Face Mask or Respirator Use in Indoor Public Settings for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection — California, February–December 2021

UCSF: Still Confused About Masks? Here’s the Science Behind How Face Masks Prevent Coronavirus

Johns Hopkins: Coronavirus Face Masks FAQs

Mayo Clinic: How well do face masks protect against COVID-19?

Comparing SARS-CoV-2 natural immunity to vaccine-induced immunity: reinfections versus breakthrough infections

Having SARS-CoV-2 once confers much greater immunity than a vaccine—but no infection parties, please

Summary of Oxford UK Survey: COVID vaccines protect against Delta, but their effectiveness wanes

UK Oxford Survey: Impact of Delta on viral burden and vaccine effectiveness against new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the UK

Mayo Clinic Led Study: Comparison of two highly-effective mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 during periods of Alpha and Delta variant prevalence

August 13th, 2021 CDC Vaccine Update

Science Opinion Piece: A grim warning from Israel: Vaccination blunts, but does not defeat Delta

Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections to Time-from-vaccine; Preliminary Study

SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC in Scotland: demographics, risk of hospital admission, and vaccine effectiveness

ZOE Project Press Release: Is COVID vaccine protection fading?

(Vetted) Expert reaction to press release from the ZOE app on vaccine effectiveness over time

Link to Israeli Health Ministry Report Slides

Link to analysis re: local vaccination rates in Israel & vaccine efficacy

Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

How the Delta variant achieves its ultrafast spread

SARS-CoV-2 viral load is associated with increased disease severity and mortality

Health Department-Reported Cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in the United States ​

Early News Reports: Is Delta Also More Severe in Kids?

Neurologic Involvement in Children and Adolescents Hospitalized in the United States for COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

Epidemiological and clinical features of pediatric COVID-19

Systematic review of reviews of symptoms and signs of COVID-19 in children and adolescents

CDC: About Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS)

COVID vaccines protect against Delta, but their effectiveness wanes

Intraseason Waning of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness

Decline in Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness With Vaccination Program Maturation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine in Nursing Homes Reduction in Illness and Complications During an Influenza A (H3N2) Epidemic

Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccine for Preventing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Hospitalizations in Adults, 2011–2012 Influenza Season

CDC Report on Delta Variant from July 29th, 2021

Influenza Vaccine Given to Pregnant Women Reduces Hospitalization Due to Influenza in Their Infants

Influenza vaccine as prevention for cardiovascular diseases: Possible molecular mechanism

Patterns of Influenza Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness Among Young US Children Who Receive Outpatient Care for Acute Respiratory Tract Illness

CDC: COVID DATA TRACKER

WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard Back to top

American Academy of Pediatrics: COVID-19 Guidance for Safe Schools

CDC: Know What to Expect at Your Child’s K- 12 School or Early Care and Education Program

Science Magazine: Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2

American Association of Pediatrics Increases in pediatric hospitalization: Children and COVID-19: State-Level Data Report

American Academy of Pediatrics: Children and COVID-19: State-Level Data Report

CDC: Families and COVID-19

CDC: County by County Data Tracker for Local Transmission Rates

Journal of the American Medical Association: Effectiveness of Mask Wearing to Control Community Spread of SARS-CoV-2

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine: Interview with Pediatric infectious diseases specialist Matthew Thomas, M.D.

European Journal of Pediatrics: To mask or not to mask children to overcome COVID-19

PNAS: An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19

UCSF: Still Confused About Masks? Here’s the Science Behind How Face Masks Prevent Coronavirus

Nature Oct 2020: Face masks: what the data say

CDC: Health Department-Reported Cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in the United States ​caused by COVID

Children are affected by long COVID: Long COVID and kids: scientists race to find answers

Children With Long COVID

Long-term Symptoms After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents

Alpha Variant Data for Kids with Long COVID: Illness duration and symptom profile in symptomatic UK school-aged children tested for SARS-CoV-2

Early News Report More Children are being hospitalized: Unclear if Delta Variant is worse for chlidren, but it spreads better.

Emerging Picture (520 COVID deaths in Children 8_13_2021): Hospitals In Southern U.S. Report Record Numbers Of Children Hospitalized Amid Delta Surge—Though Deaths Still Extremely Rare

New CDC Data: COVID-19 Vaccination Safe for Pregnant People

COVID-19 Vaccines While Pregnant or Breastfeeding

Ovarian follicular function is not altered by SARS-Cov-2 infection or BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccination

BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine does not impair sperm parameters

Receipt of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines preconception and during pregnancy and risk of self-reported spontaneous abortions, CDC v-safe COVID-19 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry 2020-21

Pregnancy, Postpartum Care, and COVID-19 Vaccination in 2021

Addressing anti-syncytin antibody levels, and fertility and breastfeeding concerns, following BNT162B2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccination

Potential risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection on reproductive health

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines and Pregnancy

Lack of effects on female fertility and prenatal and postnatal offspring development in rats with BNT162b2, a mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine

Exaptation of Retroviral Syncytin for Development of Syncytialized Placenta, Its Limited Homology to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Arguments against Disturbing Narrative in the Context of COVID-19 Vaccination

Ovarian follicular function is not altered by SARS-Cov-2 infection or BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccination

Johns Hopkins: The COVID-19 Vaccine and Pregnancy: What You Need to Know

Are COVID-19 vaccines safe in pregnancy?

Preliminary Findings of mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine Safety in Pregnant Persons

Possible impact of COVID-19 on fertility and assisted reproductive technologies

Review of Animal Models used for SarsCoV2 Research: Animal models for COVID-19

Animal Study: BNT162b vaccines protect rhesus macaques from SARS-CoV-2

Animal Study: Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates

Animal Study: Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19

Animal Study: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques

Animal Study: A prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike RNA vaccine is highly immunogenic and prevents lung infection in non-human primates

ANIMAL MODELS used for SarsCov2 Vaccine Development

REVIEW Article: Animal models of mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pathology

Animal Study: Dose-dependent response to infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the ferret model and evidence of protective immunity

Animal Study: Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Animal Study: DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Animal Study: Respiratory disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2

Animal Study: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness

Potential reason why containment of SARS-COV-2 spread is so difficult: Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model

How is Immunity Measured in Animal Vaccine Trials? Measuring immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection: comparing assays and animal models

Vaccine Development and Testing Overview: Learning from the past: development of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines

Johns Hopkins COVID-19 State by State Case rates

CDC: SarsCoV2 Variant Information

Johns Hopkins COVID-19 Dashboard

NextStrain.org SarsCoV2 Global Mutations (GISAID Subsample)

GISAID: Map of tracked variant occurrence

SarsCoV2 Mutation Rate: Comparison of Clinical Features and Outcomes of Medically Attended COVID-19 and Influenza Patients in a Defined Population in the 2020 Respiratory Virus Season

ARTICLE CITED as GOF #1: "Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus"

ARTICLE CITED as GOF #2: "A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence"

Gain-of-Function Research: Ethical Analysis

White House Archives GOF Research: Doing Diligence to Assess the Risks and Benefits of Life Sciences Gain-of-Function Research

Free Textbook: The Science of Biology

Free Textbook: Kuby Immunology, 6th Edition

Free Textbook: Medical Microbiology, 4th Edition

Free Textbook: Introduction to Medical Immunology

June 25th Technical Brief: SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England

Book Chapter "Dangerous Science: Science Policy and Risk Analysis for Scientists and Engineers" Case Study: H5N1 Influenza Research Debate

Pre-Print: AstraZeneca & Pfizer Vaccine Efficacy against Alpha & Delta Variants (title: Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the B.1.617.2 variant)

June 23rd Delta Variant: Delta variant triggers dangerous new phase in the pandemic

43,548 participant Clinical Trial Report Dec 2020: Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine

Review: Comparing SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV and influenza pandemics

Registered SarsCoV2 Clinical Trials (therapeutics, supplements, vaccines)

CDC: Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination

Official Statement American Heart Association: CDC investigating rare myocarditis in teens, young adults; COVID-19 vaccine still advised for all who are eligible

Webcast Link: CDC ACIP Meeting June 23-25th - Myocarditis Focus

ACIP: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

Moderna Vaccine: Minimal Amounts of Spike Protein Detected Post Vaccination

Prevalence of Clinical and Subclinical Myocarditis in Competitive Athletes With Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results From the Big Ten COVID-19 Cardiac Registry

Myopericarditis following smallpox vaccination among vaccinia-naive US military personnel

January 2021: Review on Up-to-Date Status of Candidate Vaccines for COVID-19 Disease

Known Distribution Patterns of DNA based Vaccines (pub. 2010)

DART Data Reported (here and elsewhere): Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee December 17, 2020 Presentation - Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Application for mRNA-1273