Diferencia entre revisiones de «cpp/language»

Revisión del 21:19 25 oct 2012

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Esta es una breve referencia de disponibles lenguaje C + + construcciones .

Los temas generales

Preprocessor

Comentarios

Palabras clave

Tabla ASCII

Las secuencias de escape

Historia de C + +

Control de flujo

Sentencias condicionales ejecución

Las sentencias condicionales ejecutar diferentes rutas de código de acuerdo con el valor de la expresión dada .

if ejecuta el código de forma condicional
Original:
if executes code conditionally
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switch ejecuta el código de acuerdo con el valor de un argumento integral
Original:
switch executes code according to the value of an integral argument
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Instrucciones de iteración

Instrucciones de iteración ejecutar una ruta de código varias veces .

for ejecuta bucles de inicialización especifica, la comparación, y el incremento
Original:
for executes loops by specifying initialization, comparison, and increment
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range-for ejecuta bucles sobre un rango (desde C++11)
Original:
range-for executes loops over a range (desde C++11)
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while ejecuta bucle, comprobando condición antes de cada iteración
Original:
while executes loop, checking condition before each iteration
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do-while
Original:
do-while
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ejecuta bucle, comprobando condición después de cada iteración
Original:
do-while
Original:
do-while
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executes loop, checking condition after each iteration
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Ir declaraciones

Instrucciones de salto continuar la ejecución del programa en un lugar diferente .

continue se salta la parte restante del cuerpo del bucle envolvente
Original:
continue skips the remaining part of the enclosing loop body
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break termina el bucle envolvente
Original:
break terminates the enclosing loop
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goto que continúa la ejecución en otra ubicación
Original:
goto continues execution in another location
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return termina la ejecución de la función envolvente
Original:
return terminates execution of the enclosing function
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Funciones

El mismo código puede ser reutilizado en diferentes localizaciones en el programa .

declaraciones de funciones
Original:
function declarations
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declarar funciones
Original:
declaraciones de funciones
Original:
function declarations
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declare functions
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declaraciones de funciones lambda
Original:
lambda function declarations
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declarar lambda (desde C++11) funciones
Original:
declaraciones de funciones lambda
Original:
lambda function declarations
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declare lambda functions (desde C++11)
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plantillas de función
Original:
function templates
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declarar plantillas de función
Original:
plantillas de función
Original:
function templates
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declare function templates
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especificador inline
Original:
inline specifier
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indicios de que el compilador Inserte el cuerpo de una función directamente en el código de llamada
Original:
especificador inline
Original:
inline specifier
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hints that the compiler insert a function's body directly into the calling code
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especificaciones de excepción
Original:
exception specifications
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declarar que una función emite sólo (en desuso) excepciones específicas
Original:
especificaciones de excepción
Original:
exception specifications
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declare that a function throws only specific exceptions (en desuso)
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noexcept especificador
Original:
noexcept specifier
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declara o no una función emite cualquier (desde C++11) excepciones
Original:
noexcept especificador
Original:
noexcept specifier
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declares whether or not a function throws any exceptions (desde C++11)
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Excepciones

Las excepciones son una forma más robusta para indicar condición de error que los códigos de retorno de la función o variables globales error .

lanzar expresiones
Original:
throw expressions
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errores de señal y el control de la transferencia a los manejadores de errores
Original:
lanzar expresiones
Original:
throw expressions
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signal errors and transfer control to error handlers
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bloques try-catch
Original:
try-catch blocks
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capturar las excepciones procedentes de bloques específicos de código
Original:
bloques try-catch
Original:
try-catch blocks
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catch exceptions originating from specific blocks of code
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noexcept especificador
Original:
noexcept specifier
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y
noexcept operador
Original:
noexcept operator
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definir y probar si las expresiones excepciones (desde C++11)
Original:
noexcept especificador
Original:
noexcept specifier
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and
noexcept operador
Original:
noexcept operator
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define and test if expressions throw exceptions (desde C++11)
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Los espacios de nombres

Espacios de nombres proporcionan una manera de evitar conflictos de nombres en grandes proyectos .

declaraciones de espacio de nombres
Original:
namespace declarations
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declarar espacios de nombres
Original:
declaraciones de espacio de nombres
Original:
namespace declarations
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declare namespaces
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alias de espacios de nombres
Original:
namespace aliases
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declarar nombres alternativos para espacios de nombres existentes
Original:
alias de espacios de nombres
Original:
namespace aliases
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declare alternate names for existing namespaces
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Tipos

tipos fundamentales
Original:
fundamental types
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definir el carácter básico, entero y los tipos de punto flotante
Original:
tipos fundamentales
Original:
fundamental types
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define basic character, integer and floating point types
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tipos de puntero
Original:
pointer types
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definir tipos que sostienen una posición de memoria
Original:
tipos de puntero
Original:
pointer types
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define types holding a memory location
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tipos de compuestos
Original:
compound types
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definir tipos que tienen varios miembros de datos (esencialmente la misma clase')
Original:
tipos de compuestos
Original:
compound types
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define types that hold several data members (essentially the same as class)
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los tipos de enumeración
Original:
enumeration types
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definir tipos que son capaces de sostener sólo uno de los valores especificados
Original:
los tipos de enumeración
Original:
enumeration types
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define types that are able to hold only one of the specified values
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tipos de unión
Original:
union types
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definir los tipos de datos que pueden almacenar en varias representaciones
Original:
tipos de unión
Original:
union types
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define types that can hold data in several representations
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tipos de funciones
Original:
function types
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definir firmas de función de llamada, es decir, los tipos de argumentos y el tipo de cambio
Original:
tipos de funciones
Original:
function types
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define function call signatures, that is the types of arguments and the return type
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decltype especificador
Original:
decltype specifier
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define un tipo equivalente al tipo de un (desde C++11) expresión
Original:
decltype especificador
Original:
decltype specifier
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defines a type equivalent to the type of an expression (desde C++11)
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Los especificadores

cv especificadores
Original:
cv specifiers
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especificar constness y la volatilidad de los tipos
Original:
cv especificadores
Original:
cv specifiers
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specify constness and volatility of types
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almacenamiento duración especificadores
Original:
storage duration specifiers
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especificar el tiempo de almacenamiento de los tipos
Original:
almacenamiento duración especificadores
Original:
storage duration specifiers
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specify storage duration of types
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constexpr especificador
Original:
constexpr specifier
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especifica que el valor de una variable o función se puede calcular en tiempo de compilación (desde C++11)
Original:
constexpr especificador
Original:
constexpr specifier
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specifies that the value of a variable or function can be computed at compile time (desde C++11)
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auto especificador
Original:
auto specifier
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especifica que el tipo real se define a partir de la expresión, adscrito a la (desde C++11) variable
Original:
auto especificador
Original:
auto specifier
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specifies that the actual type shall be defined from the expression, assigned to the variable (desde C++11)
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alignas especificador
Original:
alignas specifier
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especifica que el almacenamiento para la variable debe estar alineado por (desde C++11) cantidad específica
Original:
alignas especificador
Original:
alignas specifier
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specifies that the storage for the variable should be aligned by specific amount (desde C++11)
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Inicialización

Siempre que una variable llamada se declara, y cada vez que un objeto temporal se crea, el valor inicial del nuevo objeto se proporciona a través de uno de los mecanismos siguientes:

predeterminado de inicialización
Original:
default initialization
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se produce cuando no inicializador
Original:
predeterminado de inicialización
Original:
default initialization
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occurs when no initializer is provided
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valor de inicialización
Original:
value initialization
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se produce cuando el inicializador es un conjunto vacío de paréntesis
Original:
valor de inicialización
Original:
value initialization
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occurs when the initializer is an empty set of parentheses
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cero de inicialización
Original:
zero initialization
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inicializa cada bit del objeto a cero
Original:
cero de inicialización
Original:
zero initialization
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initializes every bit of the object to zero
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copiar inicialización
Original:
copy initialization
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inicializa un objeto de otro objeto
Original:
copiar inicialización
Original:
copy initialization
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initializes an object from another object
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inicialización directa
Original:
direct initialization
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proporciona el valor inicial o en la lista de argumentos del constructor, entre paréntesis
Original:
inicialización directa
Original:
direct initialization
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provides the initial value or the list of constructor arguments, in parentheses
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inicialización de agregados
Original:
aggregate initialization
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proporciona valores iniciales para cada miembro de una matriz o una estructura sin un constructor
Original:
inicialización de agregados
Original:
aggregate initialization
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provides initial values to every member of an array or a struct without a constructor
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lista de inicialización
Original:
list initialization
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ofrece una lista arbitraria de valores larga, que puede inicializar un std::vector o std::map (desde C++11)
Original:
lista de inicialización
Original:
list initialization
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provides an arbitrary long list of values, which can initialize a std::vector or std::map (desde C++11)
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inicialización constante
Original:
constant initialization
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inicializa todos los objetos estáticos constantes antes de cualquier otra cosa
Original:
inicialización constante
Original:
constant initialization
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initializes all constant static objects before anything else
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referencia de inicialización
Original:
reference initialization
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une las referencias a objetos y extender la vida útil de los temporales
Original:
referencia de inicialización
Original:
reference initialization
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binds references to objects and extend the lifetimes of the temporaries
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Los literales

Los literales son las señales de un programa en C + + que representan los valores constantes, embebidos en el código fuente .

literales enteros
Original:
integer literals
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son decimales, octales o hexadecimales de tipo entero .
Original:
literales enteros
Original:
integer literals
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are decimal, octal, or hexadecimal numbers of integer type.
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Los literales de caracteres
Original:
character literals
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son caracteres individuales de tipo char, char16_t, char32_t o wchar_t
Original:
Los literales de caracteres
Original:
character literals
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are individual characters of type char, char16_t, char32_t, or wchar_t
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Los literales de punto flotante
Original:
floating-point literals
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son valores de tipo float, double o long double
Original:
Los literales de punto flotante
Original:
floating-point literals
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are values of type float, double, or long double
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literales de cadena
Original:
string literals
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son secuencias de caracteres, que pueden ser multibyte estrecho, o ancho
Original:
literales de cadena
Original:
string literals
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are sequences of characters, which may be narrow, multibyte, or wide
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Los literales booleanos
Original:
boolean literals
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son valores de bool tipo, es decir true y false
Original:
Los literales booleanos
Original:
boolean literals
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are values of type bool, that is true and false
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nullptr es el puntero literal que especifica un puntero (desde C++11) valor nulo
Original:
nullptr is the pointer literal which specifies a null pointer value (desde C++11)
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definido por el usuario literales
Original:
user-defined literals
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son valores constantes de la especificada por el usuario (desde C++11) tipo
Original:
definido por el usuario literales
Original:
user-defined literals
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are constant values of user-specified type (desde C++11)
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Expresiones

Una expresión es una secuencia de operadores y operandos que especifica un cálculo. Una expresión puede resultar en un valor y puede causar efectos secundarios .

categorías de valor
Original:
value categories
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(lvalue, rvalue, glvalue, prvalue, xValue) clasifican las expresiones de sus valores
Original:
categorías de valor
Original:
value categories
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(lvalue, rvalue, glvalue, prvalue, xvalue) classify expressions by their values
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orden de evaluación
Original:
order of evaluation
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de argumentos y subexpresiones especificar el orden en el que se obtienen resultados intermedios
Original:
orden de evaluación
Original:
order of evaluation
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of arguments and subexpressions specify the order in which intermediate results are obtained
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operators permitir el uso de la sintaxis se encuentran comúnmente en las matemáticas
Original:
operators allow the use of syntax commonly found in mathematics
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Operadores comunes
Asignación	Incremento/decremento	Aritméticos	Lógicos	Comparación	Acceso a miembro	Otros
`a = b a += b a -= b a *= b a /= b a %= b a &= b a \|= b a ^= b a <<= b a >>= b`	`++a --a a++ a--`	`+a -a a + b a - b a * b a / b a % b ~a a & b a \| b a ^ b a << b a >> b`	`!a a && b a \|\| b`	`a == b a != b a < b a > b a <= b a >= b a <=> b`	`a[b] a &a a->b a.b a->b a.*b`	`a(...) a, b ? :`
Operadores especiales
`static_cast` Convierte de un tipo a otro tipo relacionado `dynamic_cast` Convierte dentro de jerarquías de herencia `const_cast` Añade o suprime los calificadores const/volatile `reinterpret_cast` Convierte un tipo a un tipo no relacionado conversión estilo C Convierte un tipo a otro mediante una mezcla de `static_cast`, `const_cast`, y `reinterpret_cast` `new` Crea objetos con duración de almacenamiento dinámica `delete` Destruye objetos previamente creados por la expresión `new` y libera el área de memoria obtenida `sizeof` Consulta el tamaño de un tipo `sizeof...` Consulta el tamaño de un paquete de parámetros (desde C++11) `typeid` Consulta la información de un tipo `noexcept` Comprueba si una expresión puede lanzar una excepción (desde C++11) `alignof` Consulta requisitos de alineación de un tipo (desde C++11)

prioridad de los operadores
Original:
operator precedence
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define el orden en el que los operadores están obligados a sus argumentos
Original:
prioridad de los operadores
Original:
operator precedence
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defines the order in which operators are bound to their arguments
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representaciones alternativas
Original:
alternative representations
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son grafías alternativas para algunos operadores
Original:
representaciones alternativas
Original:
alternative representations
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are alternative spellings for some operators
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Utilidades

, Tipos

declaraciones typedef
Original:
typedef declarations
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crear sinónimos para los tipos
Original:
declaraciones typedef
Original:
typedef declarations
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create synonyms for types
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escribir declaraciones de alias
Original:
type alias declarations
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crear sinónimos para los tipos
Original:
escribir declaraciones de alias
Original:
type alias declarations
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create synonyms for types
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atributos
Original:
attributes
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definir información adicional acerca de (desde C++11) variables
Original:
atributos
Original:
attributes
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define additional information about variables (desde C++11)
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; Yesos

conversiones estándar
Original:
standard conversions
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conversiones implícitas de un tipo a otro
Original:
conversiones estándar
Original:
standard conversions
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implicit conversions from one type to another
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const_cast conversión
Original:
const_cast conversion
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static_cast conversión
Original:
static_cast conversion
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dynamic_cast conversión
Original:
dynamic_cast conversion
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reinterpret_cast conversión
Original:
reinterpret_cast conversion
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conversión explícita
Original:
explicit cast
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transformación por medio de C-estilo de notación de conversión y notación funcional
Original:
conversión explícita
Original:
explicit cast
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conversion using C-style cast notation and functional notation
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, Asignación de memoria

nueva expresión
Original:
new expression
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asigna memoria dinámicamente
Original:
nueva expresión
Original:
new expression
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allocates memory dynamically
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suprimir la expresión
Original:
delete expression
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desasigna memoria dinámica
Original:
suprimir la expresión
Original:
delete expression
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deallocates memory dynamically
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Clases

Las clases proporcionan el concepto de programación orientada a objetos en C + + .

declaraciones de clase
Original:
class declarations
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declarar clases
Original:
declaraciones de clase
Original:
class declarations
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declare classes
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this puntero
Original:
this pointer
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enlaces a la instancia actual de una clase en métodos de miembros
Original:
this puntero
Original:
this pointer
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links to the current instance of a class in member methods
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acceder a los especificadores
Original:
access specifiers
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determinar la visibilidad de los miembros de la clase
Original:
acceder a los especificadores
Original:
access specifiers
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determine visibility of class members
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amigo especificador
Original:
friend specifier
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otorga privilegios de acceso a las partes privadas / protegido en favor de terceros clases o funciones
Original:
amigo especificador
Original:
friend specifier
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grants access privileges to private/protected parts for non-member classes or functions
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listas de inicializadores
Original:
initializer lists
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inicializar los datos de miembros de clase
Original:
listas de inicializadores
Original:
initializer lists
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initialize class member data
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Clase propiedades específicas de la función

especificador de función virtual
Original:
virtual function specifier
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declara que una función es virtual
Original:
especificador de función virtual
Original:
virtual function specifier
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declares that a function is virtual
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anular especificador
Original:
override specifier
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declara que una función virtual reemplaza otro function.(desde C++11) virtual
Original:
anular especificador
Original:
override specifier
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declares that a virtual function overrides another virtual function.(desde C++11)
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último especificador
Original:
final specifier
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declara que una función virtual no puede reemplazar en un class.(desde C++11) heredero
Original:
último especificador
Original:
final specifier
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declares that a virtual function can not be overridden in a inheriting class.(desde C++11)
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especificador de función explícita
Original:
explicit function specifier
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declara que un constructor u operador de conversión no se puede utilizar en (desde C++11) conversiones implícitas
Original:
especificador de función explícita
Original:
explicit function specifier
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declares that a constructor or conversion operator can not be used in implicit conversions (desde C++11)
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especificador static function
Original:
static function specifier
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declara que una función no utiliza datos de la clase
Original:
especificador static function
Original:
static function specifier
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declares that a function does not use class data
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cv función especificador
Original:
cv function specifier
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declara que una función miembro sólo puede ser utilizada en objetos cv cualificado
Original:
cv función especificador
Original:
cv function specifier
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declares that a member function can only be used on cv qualified objects
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Funciones especiales miembro

default constructor
Original:
default constructor
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inicializa el objeto con contenidos predeterminados
Original:
default constructor
Original:
default constructor
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initializes the object with default contents
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copiar constructor
Original:
copy constructor
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inicializa el objeto con el contenido de otro objeto
Original:
copiar constructor
Original:
copy constructor
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initializes the object with the contents of another object
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mover constructor
Original:
move constructor
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inicializa el objeto con el contenido de otro objeto, temporal, minimizando (desde C++11) copia sobrecarga
Original:
mover constructor
Original:
move constructor
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initializes the object with the contents of other, temporary object, minimizing copying overhead (desde C++11)
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operador de asignación
Original:
assignment operator
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reemplaza el contenido del objeto con el contenido de otro objeto
Original:
operador de asignación
Original:
assignment operator
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replaces the contents of the object with the contents of another object
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mover operador de asignación
Original:
move assignment operator
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reemplaza el contenido del objeto con el contenido de otro objeto, temporal, minimizando (desde C++11) copia sobrecarga
Original:
mover operador de asignación
Original:
move assignment operator
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replaces the contents of the object with the contents of other, temporary object, minimizing copying overhead (desde C++11)
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Comunicados
destructor
Original:
destructor
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reclamó recursos
Original:
destructor
Original:
destructor
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releases claimed resources
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Plantillas

Permite funciones y clases para operar con los tipos genéricos

clase de declaración de plantilla
Original:
class template declaration
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declara una plantilla de clase
Original:
clase de declaración de plantilla
Original:
class template declaration
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declares a class template
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función declaración de plantilla
Original:
function template declaration
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declara una plantilla de función
Original:
función declaración de plantilla
Original:
function template declaration
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declares a function template
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plantilla de especialización
Original:
template specialization
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define una plantilla existente para un tipo específico
Original:
plantilla de especialización
Original:
template specialization
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defines an existing template for a specific type
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paquetes de parámetros
Original:
parameter packs
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permite el uso de listas de tipos en (desde C++11) plantillas
Original:
paquetes de parámetros
Original:
parameter packs
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allows the use of lists of types in templates (desde C++11)
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Optimizaciones

La regla de cálculo
Original:
The as-if rule
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permite que cualquier transformación de código que no cambia la salida
Original:
La regla de cálculo
Original:
The as-if rule
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allows any code transformation that doesn't change the output
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Copia elisión
Original:
Copy elision
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, incluyendo RVO y NRVO, hace que el paso por el valor de la opción preferida en muchas situaciones .
Original:
Copia elisión
Original:
Copy elision
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, including RVO and NRVO, makes pass-by-value the preferred approach in many situations.
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Optimización de la base vacía
Original:
Empty base optimization
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hace que la herencia múltiple de interfaces o clases de política aérea libres y es necesario para los tipos de diseño estándar .
Original:
Optimización de la base vacía
Original:
Empty base optimization
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makes multiple inheritance from interfaces or policy classes overhead-free and is required for standard-layout types.
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Varios

Montaje en línea
Original:
Inline assembly
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permite el uso de código ensamblador junto a código C + +
Original:
Montaje en línea
Original:
Inline assembly
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allows the use of assembly code alongside C++ code
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Apoyo de compiladores
Implementaciones independientes y albergadas
Lenguaje
Biblioteca estándar
Encabezados de la biblioteca estándar
Requisitos denominados
Macros de prueba de característica (C++20)
Biblioteca de apoyo del lenguaje
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Biblioteca de diagnósticos
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Biblioteca de metaprogramación (C++11)
Biblioteca de servicios generales
Biblioteca de contenedores
Biblioteca de iteradores
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Biblioteca de algoritmos
Biblioteca de cadenas
Biblioteca de procesamiento de texto
Biblioteca numérica
Biblioteca de fecha y hora
Biblioteca de entrada/salida
Biblioteca del sistema de archivos (C++17)
Biblioteca de apoyo de concurrencia (C++11)
Biblioteca de apoyo de ejecución (C++26)
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