4470. memer
Lexical Summary
memer: Word, command, decree

Original Word: מֶמֶר
Part of Speech: Noun Masculine
Transliteration: memer
Pronunciation: meh-MER
Phonetic Spelling: (meh'-mer)
KJV: bitterness
NASB: bitterness
Word Origin: [from an unused root meaning to grieve]

1. sorrow

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
bitterness

From an unused root meaning to grieve; sorrow -- bitterness.

NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
from marar
Definition
bitterness
NASB Translation
bitterness (1).

Brown-Driver-Briggs
מֶ֫מֶר noun [masculine] bitterness; — לְיוֺלדְתּוֺ ׳מ Proverbs 17:25 of a fool-son ("" כַּעַס לְאָבִיו).

Topical Lexicon
Overview

Memer appears a single time in the Hebrew Scriptures, at Proverbs 17:25, where it conveys the idea of piercing, internal bitterness. Though rare, its vividness enriches the biblical portrait of parental anguish caused by foolishness.

Scriptural Occurrence

Proverbs 17:25: “A foolish son brings grief to his father and bitterness to her who bore him.”

The verse forms a paired parallelism: the father feels “grief,” the mother feels “bitterness” (memer). Together they describe a household wounded by a child’s moral folly.

Contextual Meaning in Proverbs

1. Wisdom literature repeatedly warns that folly harms community relationships (Proverbs 10:1; Proverbs 19:13).
2. Memer intensifies the mother’s side of the pain. While the father’s “grief” is weighty, the mother’s “bitterness” suggests something lodged deep in the soul, long-lasting and corrosive.
3. By highlighting both parents, the proverb underscores the total cost of unwise living.

Historical and Cultural Background

Ancient Israelite society vested honor and security in family cohesion. Sons were expected to uphold the family name and care for parents in old age (Exodus 20:12). A foolish son jeopardized inheritance, reputation, and the broader covenant community. Memer therefore evokes not mere disappointment but a threat to the mother’s future welfare and emotional well-being.

Theological Implications

• Sin’s reach: Even a private vice produces public consequences, beginning at home (Numbers 32:23).
• Bitterness as spiritual symptom: Scripture elsewhere warns against allowing bitterness to take root (Deuteronomy 29:18; Hebrews 12:15). Memer illustrates its origin in relational fracture.
• Parental reflection of divine grief: The parents’ sorrow mirrors God’s own grief over rebellious children (