| 1 | <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 1. How to Install and Test SAMBA</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.74.0"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Official Samba 3.3.x HOWTO and Reference Guide"><link rel="up" href="introduction.html" title="Part I. General Installation"><link rel="prev" href="introduction.html" title="Part I. General Installation"><link rel="next" href="FastStart.html" title="Chapter 2. Fast Start: Cure for Impatience"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 1. How to Install and Test SAMBA</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="introduction.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part I. General Installation</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="FastStart.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="install"></a>Chapter 1. How to Install and Test SAMBA</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Andrew</span> <span class="orgname">Samba Team</span> <span class="surname">Tridgell</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jelmer</span> <span class="othername">R.</span> <span class="orgname">The Samba Team</span> <span class="surname">Vernooij</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">The Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="orgname">Samba Team</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Karl</span> <span class="orgname">Samba Team</span> <span class="surname">Auer</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dan</span> <span class="orgname">Samba Team</span> <span class="surname">Shearer</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2551936">Obtaining and Installing Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2551976">Configuring Samba (smb.conf)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2552018">Configuration File Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#tdbdocs">TDB Database File Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2552921">Starting Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2553100">Example Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2553503">SWAT</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2553562">List Shares Available on the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2553614">Connect with a UNIX Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2553705">Connect from a Remote SMB Client</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2553786">What If Things Don't Work?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2553827">Still Stuck?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2553859">Common Errors</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2553870">Large Number of smbd Processes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2553957">Error Message: open_oplock_ipc</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2553989">The network name cannot be found</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2551936"></a>Obtaining and Installing Samba</h2></div></div></div><p>
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| 2 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2551944"></a>
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| 3 | Binary packages of Samba are included in almost any Linux or UNIX distribution. There are also some
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| 4 | packages available at <a class="ulink" href="http://samba.org/" target="_top">the Samba home page</a>. Refer to the manual of your
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| 5 | operating system for details on installing packages for your specific operating system.
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| 6 | </p><p>
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| 7 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2551962"></a>
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| 8 | If you need to compile Samba from source, check <a class="link" href="compiling.html" title="Chapter 42. How to Compile Samba">How to Compile Samba</a>.
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| 9 | </p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2551976"></a>Configuring Samba (smb.conf)</h2></div></div></div><p>
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| 10 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2551984"></a>
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| 11 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2551990"></a>
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| 12 | Samba's configuration is stored in the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file, which usually resides in
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| 13 | <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> or <code class="filename">/usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf</code>. You can either
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| 14 | edit this file yourself or do it using one of the many graphical tools that are available, such as the
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| 15 | Web-based interface SWAT, that is included with Samba.
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| 16 | </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2552018"></a>Configuration File Syntax</h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 17 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552026"></a>
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| 18 | The <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file uses the same syntax as the various old <code class="filename">.ini</code> files in Windows
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| 19 | 3.1: Each file consists of various sections, which are started by putting the section name between brackets
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| 20 | (<code class="literal">[]</code>) on a new line. Each contains zero or more key/value pairs separated by an equality
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| 21 | sign (<code class="literal">=</code>). The file is just a plaintext file, so you can open and edit it with your favorite
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| 22 | editing tool.
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| 23 | </p><p>
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| 24 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552063"></a>
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| 25 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552069"></a>
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| 26 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552077"></a>
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| 27 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552084"></a>
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| 28 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552090"></a>
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| 29 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552098"></a>
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| 30 | Each section in the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file represents either a share or a meta-service on the Samba server. The
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| 31 | section <code class="literal">[global]</code> is special, since it contains settings that apply to the whole Samba
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| 32 | server. Samba supports a number of meta-services, each of which serves its own purpose. For example, the
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| 33 | <code class="literal">[homes]</code> share is a meta-service that causes Samba to provide a personal home share for
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| 34 | each user. The <code class="literal">[printers]</code> share is a meta-service that establishes print queue support
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| 35 | and that specifies the location of the intermediate spool directory into which print jobs are received
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| 36 | from Windows clients prior to being dispatched to the UNIX/Linux print spooler.
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| 37 | </p><p>
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| 38 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552141"></a>
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| 39 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552148"></a>
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| 40 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552154"></a>
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| 41 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552160"></a>
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| 42 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552166"></a>
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| 43 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552173"></a>
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| 44 | The <code class="literal">printers</code> meta-service will cause every printer that is either specified in a
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| 45 | <code class="literal">printcap</code> file, via the <code class="literal">lpstat</code>, or via the CUPS API, to be
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| 46 | published as a shared print queue. The <code class="literal">printers</code> stanza in the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file can
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| 47 | be set as not browseable. If it is set to be browseable, then it will be visible as if it is a share.
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| 48 | That makes no sense given that this meta-service is responsible only for making UNIX system printers
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| 49 | available as Windows print queues. If a <code class="literal">comment</code> parameter is specified, the value
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| 50 | of it will be displayed as part of the printer name in Windows Explorer browse lists.
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| 51 | </p><p>
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| 52 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552222"></a>
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| 53 | Each section of the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file that specifies a share, or a meta-service, is called a stanza.
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| 54 | The <code class="literal">global</code> stanza specifies settings that affect all the other stanzas in the
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| 55 | <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file. Configuration parameters are documented in the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> man page. Some parameters
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| 56 | can be used only in the <code class="literal">global</code> stanza, some only in share or meta-service stanzas,
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| 57 | and some can be used globally or just within a share or meta-service stanza.
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| 58 | </p><p>
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| 59 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552265"></a>
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| 60 | <a class="link" href="install.html#smbconfminimal" title="Example 1.1. A minimal smb.conf">A minimal smb.conf</a> contains a very minimal <code class="filename">smb.conf</code>.
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| 61 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552284"></a>
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| 62 | </p><div class="example"><a name="smbconfminimal"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 1.1. A minimal smb.conf</b></p><div class="example-contents"><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[global]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2552312"></a><em class="parameter"><code>workgroup = WKG</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2552323"></a><em class="parameter"><code>netbios name = MYNAME</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[share1]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2552341"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /tmp</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[share2]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2552360"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /my_shared_folder</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2552371"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = Some random files</code></em></td></tr></table></div></div><br class="example-break"></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="tdbdocs"></a>TDB Database File Information</h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 63 | This section contains brief descriptions of the databases that are used by Samba-3.
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| 64 | </p><p>
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| 65 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552398"></a>
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| 66 | The directory in which Samba stores the tdb files is determined by compile-time directives. Samba-3 stores
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| 67 | tdb files in two locations. The best way to determine these locations is to execute the following
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| 68 | command:
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| 69 | </p><pre class="screen">
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| 70 | <code class="prompt">root# </code> smbd -b | grep PRIVATE_DIR
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| 71 | PRIVATE_DIR: /etc/samba/private
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| 72 | </pre><p>
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| 73 | This means that the confidential tdb files are stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/private</code>
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| 74 | directory. Samba-3 also uses a number of tdb files that contain more mundane data. The location of
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| 75 | these files can be found by executing:
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| 76 | </p><pre class="screen">
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| 77 | <code class="prompt">root# </code> smbd -b | grep LOCKDIR
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| 78 | LOCKDIR: /var/lib/samba
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| 79 | </pre><p>
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| 80 | Therefore the remaining control files will, in the example shown, be stored in the
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| 81 | <code class="filename">/var/lib/samba</code> directory.
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| 82 | </p><p>
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| 83 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552450"></a>
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| 84 | The persistent tdb files are described in <a class="link" href="install.html#tdbpermfiledesc" title="Table 1.1. Persistent TDB File Descriptions">the Persistent TDB File
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| 85 | Descriptions table</a>. All persistent tdb files should be regularly backed up. Use the
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| 86 | <code class="literal">tdbbackup</code> utility to backup the tdb files. All persistent tdb files must be
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| 87 | preserved during machine migrations, updates and upgrades.
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| 88 | </p><p>
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| 89 | The temporary tdb files do not need to be backed up, nor do they need to be preseved across machine
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| 90 | migrations, updates or upgrades. The temporary tdb files are described in <a class="link" href="install.html#tdbtempfiledesc" title="Table 1.2. Temporary TDB File Descriptions">
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| 91 | the Temporary TDB File Descriptions</a>.
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| 92 | </p><div class="table"><a name="tdbpermfiledesc"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 1.1. Persistent TDB File Descriptions</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Persistent TDB File Descriptions" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"><col align="justify"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Name</th><th align="justify">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">account_policy</td><td align="justify"><p>Samba/NT account policy settings, includes password expiration settings.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">group_mapping</td><td align="justify"><p>Mapping table from Windows groups/SID to UNIX groups.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">ntdrivers</td><td align="justify"><p>Stores per-printer installed driver information.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">ntforms</td><td align="justify"><p>Stores per-printer installed forms information.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">ntprinters</td><td align="justify"><p>Stores the per-printer devmode configuration settings.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">passdb</td><td align="justify"><p>
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| 93 | Exists only when the tdbsam passwd backend is used. This file stores the
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| 94 | SambaSAMAccount information. Note: This file requires that user POSIX account information is
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| 95 | availble from either the /etc/passwd file, or from an alternative system source.
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| 96 | </p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">registry</td><td align="justify"><p>
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| 97 | Read-only Samba database of a Windows registry skeleton that provides support for exporting
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| 98 | various database tables via the winreg RPCs.
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| 99 | </p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">secrets</td><td align="justify"><p>
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| 100 | This file stores the Workgroup/Domain/Machine SID, the LDAP directory update password, and
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| 101 | a further collection of critical environmental data that is necessary for Samba to operate
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| 102 | correctly. This file contains very sensitive information that must be protected. It is stored
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| 103 | in the PRIVATE_DIR directory.
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| 104 | </p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">share_info</td><td align="justify"><p>Stores per-share ACL information.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">winbindd_idmap</td><td align="justify"><p>Winbindd's local IDMAP database.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"><div class="table"><a name="tdbtempfiledesc"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 1.2. Temporary TDB File Descriptions</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Temporary TDB File Descriptions" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"><col align="justify"><col align="left"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Name</th><th align="justify">Description</th><th align="center">Backup</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">brlock</td><td align="justify"><p>Byte-range locking information.</p></td><td align="left">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">connections</td><td align="justify"><p>A temporary cache for current connection information used to enforce max connections.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">eventlog/*tdb</td><td align="justify"><p>Records of eventlog entries. In most circumstances this is just a cache of system logs.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">gencache</td><td align="justify"><p>Generic caching database for dead WINS servers and trusted domain data.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">login_cache</td><td align="justify"><p>A temporary cache for login information, in particular bad password attempts.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">messages</td><td align="justify"><p>Temporary storage of messages being processed by smbd.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">netsamlogon_cache</td><td align="justify"><p>Caches user net_info_3 structure data from net_samlogon requests (as a domain member).</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">perfmon/*.tdb</td><td align="justify"><p>Performance counter information.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">printing/*.tdb</td><td align="justify"><p>Cached output from lpq command created on a per-print-service basis.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">schannel_store</td><td align="justify"><p>
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| 105 | A confidential file, stored in the PRIVATE_DIR, containing crytographic connection
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| 106 | information so that clients that have temporarily disconnected can reconnect without
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| 107 | needing to renegotiate the connection setup process.
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| 108 | </p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">sessionid</td><td align="justify"><p>Temporary cache for miscellaneous session information and for utmp handling.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">unexpected</td><td align="justify"><p>Stores packets received for which no process is actively listening.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">winbindd_cache</td><td align="justify"><p>Cache of Identity information received from an NT4 domain or from ADS. Includes user
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| 109 | lists, etc.</p></td><td align="left">yes</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2552921"></a>Starting Samba</h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 110 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552928"></a>
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| 111 | Samba essentially consists of two or three daemons. A daemon is a UNIX application that runs in the background and provides services.
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| 112 | An example of a service is the Apache Web server for which the daemon is called <code class="literal">httpd</code>. In the case of Samba there
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| 113 | are three daemons, two of which are needed as a minimum.
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| 114 | </p><p>
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| 115 | The Samba server is made up of the following daemons:
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| 116 | </p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">nmbd</span></dt><dd><p>
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| 117 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552960"></a>
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| 118 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552966"></a>
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| 119 | This daemon handles all name registration and resolution requests. It is the primary vehicle involved
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| 120 | in network browsing. It handles all UDP-based protocols. The <code class="literal">nmbd</code> daemon should
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| 121 | be the first command started as part of the Samba startup process.
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| 122 | </p></dd><dt><span class="term">smbd</span></dt><dd><p>
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| 123 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2552994"></a>
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| 124 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553000"></a>
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| 125 | This daemon handles all TCP/IP-based connection services for file- and print-based operations. It also
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| 126 | manages local authentication. It should be started immediately following the startup of <code class="literal">nmbd</code>.
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| 127 | </p></dd><dt><span class="term">winbindd</span></dt><dd><p>
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| 128 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553027"></a>
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| 129 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553033"></a>
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| 130 | This daemon should be started when Samba is a member of a Windows NT4 or ADS domain. It is also needed when
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| 131 | Samba has trust relationships with another domain. The <code class="literal">winbindd</code> daemon will check the
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| 132 | <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file for the presence of the <em class="parameter"><code>idmap uid</code></em> and <em class="parameter"><code>idmap gid</code></em>
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| 133 | parameters. If they are are found, <code class="literal">winbindd</code> will use the values specified for
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| 134 | for UID and GID allocation. If these parameters are not specified, <code class="literal">winbindd</code>
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| 135 | will start but it will not be able to allocate UIDs or GIDs.
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| 136 | </p></dd></dl></div><p>
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| 137 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553084"></a>
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| 138 | When Samba has been packaged by an operating system vendor, the startup process is typically a custom feature of its
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| 139 | integration into the platform as a whole. Please refer to your operating system platform administration manuals for
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| 140 | specific information pertaining to correct management of Samba startup.
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| 141 | </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2553100"></a>Example Configuration</h3></div></div></div><p>
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| 142 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553108"></a>
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| 143 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553114"></a>
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| 144 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553120"></a>
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| 145 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553126"></a>
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| 146 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553133"></a>
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| 147 | There are sample configuration files in the examples subdirectory in the source code distribution tarball
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| 148 | package. It is suggested you read them carefully so you can see how the options go together in practice. See
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| 149 | the man page for all the options. It might be worthwhile to start out with the
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| 150 | <code class="filename">smb.conf.default</code> configuration file and adapt it to your needs. It contains plenty of comments.
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| 151 | </p><p>
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| 152 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553154"></a>
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| 153 | The simplest useful configuration file would contain something like that shown in
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| 154 | <a class="link" href="install.html#simple-example" title="Example 1.2. Another simple smb.conf File">Another simple smb.conf File</a>.
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| 155 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553170"></a>
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| 156 | </p><div class="example"><a name="simple-example"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 1.2. Another simple smb.conf File</b></p><div class="example-contents"><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[global]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2553199"></a><em class="parameter"><code>workgroup = MIDEARTH</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[homes]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2553218"></a><em class="parameter"><code>guest ok = no</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2553228"></a><em class="parameter"><code>read only = no</code></em></td></tr></table></div></div><br class="example-break"><p>
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| 157 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553242"></a>
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| 158 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553248"></a>
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| 159 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553254"></a>
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| 160 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553260"></a>
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| 161 | This will allow connections by anyone with an account on the server, using either
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| 162 | their login name or <em class="parameter"><code>homes</code></em> as the service name.
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| 163 | (Note: The workgroup that Samba should appear in must also be set. The default
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| 164 | workgroup name is WORKGROUP.)
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| 165 | </p><p>
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| 166 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553279"></a>
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| 167 | Make sure you put the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file in the correct place. Note, the correct location of this file
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| 168 | depends on how the binary files were built. You can discover the correct location by executing from
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| 169 | the directory that contains the <code class="literal">smbd</code> command file:
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| 170 | </p><pre class="screen">
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| 171 | <code class="prompt">root# </code> smbd -b | grep smb.conf
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| 172 | </pre><p>
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| 173 | </p><p>
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| 174 | <a class="indexterm" name="id2553313"></a>
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| 175 | For more information about security settings for the <em class="parameter"><code>[homes]</code></em> share, please refer to
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| 176 | <a class="link" href="securing-samba.html" title="Chapter 18. Securing Samba">Securing Samba</a>.
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