| 1 | GNU Free Documentation License
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| 2 | Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
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| 3 |
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| 4 |
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| 5 | Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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| 6 | <http://fsf.org/>
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| 7 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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| 8 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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| 9 |
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| 10 | 0. PREAMBLE
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| 11 |
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| 12 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
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| 13 | functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
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| 14 | assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
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| 15 | with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
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| 16 | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
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| 17 | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
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| 18 | for modifications made by others.
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| 19 |
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| 20 | This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
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| 21 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
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| 22 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
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| 23 | license designed for free software.
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| 24 |
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| 25 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
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| 26 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
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| 27 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
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| 28 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
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| 29 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
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| 30 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
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| 31 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
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| 32 |
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| 33 |
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| 34 | 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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| 35 |
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| 36 | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
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| 37 | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
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| 38 | distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
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| 39 | world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
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| 40 | work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
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| 41 | refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
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| 42 | licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
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| 43 | copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
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| 44 | under copyright law.
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| 45 |
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| 46 | A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
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| 47 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
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| 48 | modifications and/or translated into another language.
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| 49 |
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| 50 | A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
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| 51 | the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
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| 52 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
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| 53 | subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
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| 54 | directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
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| 55 | part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
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| 56 | any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
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| 57 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
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| 58 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
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| 59 | them.
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| 60 |
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| 61 | The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
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| 62 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
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| 63 | that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
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| 64 | section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
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| 65 | allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
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| 66 | Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
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| 67 | Sections then there are none.
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| 68 |
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| 69 | The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
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| 70 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
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| 71 | the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
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| 72 | be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
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| 73 |
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| 74 | A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
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| 75 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the
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| 76 | general public, that is suitable for revising the document
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| 77 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
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| 78 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
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| 79 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
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| 80 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
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| 81 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
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| 82 | format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
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| 83 | or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
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| 84 | An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
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| 85 | of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
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| 86 |
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| 87 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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| 88 | ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
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| 89 | or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
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| 90 | HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
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| 91 | transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
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| 92 | include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
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| 93 | proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
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| 94 | processing tools are not generally available, and the
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| 95 | machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
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| 96 | processors for output purposes only.
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| 97 |
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| 98 | The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
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| 99 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
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| 100 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
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| 101 | formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
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| 102 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
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| 103 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
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| 104 |
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| 105 | The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of
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| 106 | the Document to the public.
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| 107 |
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| 108 | A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
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| 109 | title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
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| 110 | text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
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| 111 | specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
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| 112 | "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title"
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| 113 | of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
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| 114 | section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
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| 115 |
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| 116 | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
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| 117 | states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
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| 118 | Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
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| 119 | License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
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| 120 | implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
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| 121 | no effect on the meaning of this License.
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| 122 |
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| 123 | 2. VERBATIM COPYING
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| 124 |
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| 125 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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| 126 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
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| 127 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
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| 128 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no
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| 129 | other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
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| 130 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
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| 131 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
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| 132 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
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| 133 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
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| 134 |
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| 135 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
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| 136 | you may publicly display copies.
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| 137 |
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| 138 |
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| 139 | 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
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| 140 |
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| 141 | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
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| 142 | printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
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| 143 | Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
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| 144 | copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
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| 145 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
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| 146 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
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| 147 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
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| 148 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
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| 149 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
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| 150 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
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| 151 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
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| 152 | as verbatim copying in other respects.
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| 153 |
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| 154 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
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| 155 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
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| 156 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
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| 157 | pages.
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| 158 |
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| 159 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
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| 160 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
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| 161 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
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| 162 | a computer-network location from which the general network-using
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| 163 | public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
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| 164 | a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
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| 165 | If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
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| 166 | when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
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| 167 | that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
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| 168 | location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
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| 169 | Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
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| 170 | edition to the public.
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| 171 |
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| 172 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
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| 173 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
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| 174 | give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
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| 175 | Document.
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| 176 |
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| 177 |
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| 178 | 4. MODIFICATIONS
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| 179 |
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| 180 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
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| 181 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
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| 182 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
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| 183 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
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| 184 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
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| 185 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
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| 186 |
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| 187 | A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
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| 188 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
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| 189 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
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| 190 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
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| 191 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
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| 192 | B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
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| 193 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
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| 194 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
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| 195 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
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| 196 | unless they release you from this requirement.
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| 197 | C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
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| 198 | Modified Version, as the publisher.
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| 199 | D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
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| 200 | E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
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| 201 | adjacent to the other copyright notices.
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| 202 | F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
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| 203 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
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| 204 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
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| 205 | G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
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| 206 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
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| 207 | H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
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| 208 | I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
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| 209 | to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
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| 210 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
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| 211 | there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
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| 212 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
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| 213 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
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| 214 | Version as stated in the previous sentence.
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| 215 | J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
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| 216 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
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| 217 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
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| 218 | it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
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| 219 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
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| 220 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
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| 221 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
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| 222 | K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
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| 223 | Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
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| 224 | the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
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| 225 | and/or dedications given therein.
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| 226 | L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
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| 227 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
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| 228 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
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| 229 | M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
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| 230 | may not be included in the Modified Version.
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| 231 | N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
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| 232 | or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
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| 233 | O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
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| 234 |
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| 235 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
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| 236 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
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| 237 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
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| 238 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
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| 239 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
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| 240 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
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| 241 |
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| 242 | You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
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| 243 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
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| 244 | parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
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| 245 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
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| 246 | standard.
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| 247 |
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| 248 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
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| 249 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
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| 250 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
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| 251 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
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| 252 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
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| 253 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
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| 254 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
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| 255 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
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| 256 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
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| 257 |
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| 258 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
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| 259 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
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| 260 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
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| 261 |
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| 262 |
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| 263 | 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
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| 264 |
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| 265 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
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| 266 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
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| 267 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
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| 268 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
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| 269 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
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| 270 | license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
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| 271 |
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| 272 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
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| 273 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
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| 274 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
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| 275 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
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| 276 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
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| 277 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
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| 278 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
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| 279 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
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| 280 |
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| 281 | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
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| 282 | in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
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| 283 | "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
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| 284 | and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
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| 285 | Entitled "Endorsements".
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| 286 |
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| 287 |
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| 288 | 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
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| 289 |
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| 290 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
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| 291 | documents released under this License, and replace the individual
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| 292 | copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
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| 293 | that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules
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| 294 | of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
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| 295 | other respects.
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| 296 |
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| 297 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
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| 298 | distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
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| 299 | copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
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| 300 | License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
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| 301 | document.
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| 302 |
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| 303 |
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| 304 | 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
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| 305 |
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| 306 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
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| 307 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
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| 308 | distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
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| 309 | resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
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| 310 | of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
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| 311 | When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
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| 312 | apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
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