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1
2 THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION
3 _________________________________________________________________
4
5 (See Note 1)
6
7 We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect
8 Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the
9 common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings
10 of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish
11 this Constitution for the United States of America.
12
13Article. I.
14
15 Section 1.
16
17 All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of
18 the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of
19 Representatives.
20
21 Section. 2.
22
23 Clause 1: The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members
24 chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the
25 Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for
26 Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.
27
28 Clause 2: No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have
29 attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a
30 Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an
31 Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.
32
33 Clause 3: Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among
34 the several States which may be included within this Union, according
35 to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to
36 the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for
37 a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all
38 other Persons. (See Note 2) The actual Enumeration shall be made
39 within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the
40 United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such
41 Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives
42 shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall
43 have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be
44 made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three,
45 Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one,
46 Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight,
47 Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South
48 Carolina five, and Georgia three.
49
50 Clause 4: When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State,
51 the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill
52 such Vacancies.
53
54 Clause 5: The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and
55 other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.
56
57 Section. 3.
58
59 Clause 1: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two
60 Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, (See Note
61 3) for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.
62
63 Clause 2: Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of
64 the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into
65 three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be
66 vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at
67 the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the
68 Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every
69 second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise,
70 during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive
71 thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the
72 Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies. (See Note 4)
73
74 Clause 3: No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to
75 the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United
76 States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that
77 State for which he shall be chosen.
78
79 Clause 4: The Vice President of the United States shall be President
80 of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.
81
82 Clause 5: The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a
83 President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when
84 he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.
85
86 Clause 6: The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all
87 Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or
88 Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the
89 Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without
90 the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.
91
92 Clause 7: Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further
93 than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy
94 any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the
95 Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to
96 Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.
97
98 Section. 4.
99
100 Clause 1: The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for
101 Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the
102 Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or
103 alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.
104
105 Clause 2: The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and
106 such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, (See Note 5)
107 unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.
108
109 Section. 5.
110
111 Clause 1: Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and
112 Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall
113 constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn
114 from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of
115 absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House
116 may provide.
117
118 Clause 2: Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings,
119 punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence
120 of two thirds, expel a Member.
121
122 Clause 3: Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from
123 time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their
124 Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of
125 either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of
126 those Present, be entered on the Journal.
127
128 Clause 4: Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall,
129 without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days,
130 nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be
131 sitting.
132
133 Section. 6.
134
135 Clause 1: The Senators and Representatives shall receive a
136 Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid
137 out of the Treasury of the United States. (See Note 6) They shall in
138 all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace,
139 beprivileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of
140 their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same;
141 and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be
142 questioned in any other Place.
143
144 Clause 2: No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for
145 which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the
146 Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the
147 Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no
148 Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member
149 of either House during his Continuance in Office.
150
151 Section. 7.
152
153 Clause 1: All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House
154 of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with
155 Amendments as on other Bills.
156
157 Clause 2: Every Bill which shall have passed the House of
158 Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be
159 presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he
160 shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to
161 that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the
162 Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If
163 after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to
164 pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the
165 other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if
166 approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in
167 all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas
168 and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill
169 shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any
170 Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays
171 excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be
172 a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by
173 their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a
174 Law.
175
176 Clause 3: Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of
177 the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a
178 question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the
179 United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be
180 approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two
181 thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the
182 Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
183