| 1 | [See the end of this file for ** TIPS ** on using IDLE !!]
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| 2 |
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| 3 | Click on the dotted line at the top of a menu to "tear it off": a
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| 4 | separate window containing the menu is created.
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| 5 |
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| 6 | File Menu:
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| 7 |
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| 8 | New Window -- Create a new editing window
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| 9 | Open... -- Open an existing file
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| 10 | Recent Files... -- Open a list of recent files
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| 11 | Open Module... -- Open an existing module (searches sys.path)
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| 12 | Class Browser -- Show classes and methods in current file
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| 13 | Path Browser -- Show sys.path directories, modules, classes
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| 14 | and methods
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| 15 | ---
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| 16 | Save -- Save current window to the associated file (unsaved
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| 17 | windows have a * before and after the window title)
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| 18 |
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| 19 | Save As... -- Save current window to new file, which becomes
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| 20 | the associated file
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| 21 | Save Copy As... -- Save current window to different file
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| 22 | without changing the associated file
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| 23 | ---
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| 24 | Print Window -- Print the current window
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| 25 | ---
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| 26 | Close -- Close current window (asks to save if unsaved)
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| 27 | Exit -- Close all windows, quit (asks to save if unsaved)
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| 28 |
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| 29 | Edit Menu:
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| 30 |
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| 31 | Undo -- Undo last change to current window
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| 32 | (A maximum of 1000 changes may be undone)
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| 33 | Redo -- Redo last undone change to current window
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| 34 | ---
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| 35 | Cut -- Copy a selection into system-wide clipboard,
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| 36 | then delete the selection
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| 37 | Copy -- Copy selection into system-wide clipboard
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| 38 | Paste -- Insert system-wide clipboard into window
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| 39 | Select All -- Select the entire contents of the edit buffer
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| 40 | ---
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| 41 | Find... -- Open a search dialog box with many options
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| 42 | Find Again -- Repeat last search
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| 43 | Find Selection -- Search for the string in the selection
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| 44 | Find in Files... -- Open a search dialog box for searching files
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| 45 | Replace... -- Open a search-and-replace dialog box
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| 46 | Go to Line -- Ask for a line number and show that line
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| 47 | Expand Word -- Expand the word you have typed to match another
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| 48 | word in the same buffer; repeat to get a
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| 49 | different expansion
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| 50 |
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| 51 | Format Menu (only in Edit window):
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| 52 |
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| 53 | Indent Region -- Shift selected lines right 4 spaces
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| 54 | Dedent Region -- Shift selected lines left 4 spaces
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| 55 | Comment Out Region -- Insert ## in front of selected lines
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| 56 | Uncomment Region -- Remove leading # or ## from selected lines
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| 57 | Tabify Region -- Turns *leading* stretches of spaces into tabs
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| 58 | (Note: We recommend using 4 space blocks to indent Python code.)
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| 59 | Untabify Region -- Turn *all* tabs into the right number of spaces
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| 60 | New Indent Width... -- Open dialog to change indent width
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| 61 | Format Paragraph -- Reformat the current blank-line-separated
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| 62 | paragraph
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| 63 |
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| 64 | Run Menu (only in Edit window):
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| 65 |
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| 66 | Python Shell -- Open or wake up the Python shell window
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| 67 | ---
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| 68 | Check Module -- Run a syntax check on the module
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| 69 | Run Module -- Execute the current file in the __main__ namespace
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| 70 |
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| 71 | Shell Menu (only in Shell window):
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| 72 |
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| 73 | View Last Restart -- Scroll the shell window to the last restart
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| 74 | Restart Shell -- Restart the interpreter with a fresh environment
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| 75 |
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| 76 | Debug Menu (only in Shell window):
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| 77 |
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| 78 | Go to File/Line -- look around the insert point for a filename
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| 79 | and linenumber, open the file, and show the line
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| 80 | Debugger (toggle) -- Run commands in the shell under the debugger
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| 81 | Stack Viewer -- Show the stack traceback of the last exception
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| 82 | Auto-open Stack Viewer (toggle) -- Open stack viewer on traceback
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| 83 |
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| 84 | Options Menu:
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| 85 |
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| 86 | Configure IDLE -- Open a configuration dialog. Fonts, indentation,
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| 87 | keybindings, and color themes may be altered.
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| 88 | Startup Preferences may be set, and Additional Help
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| 89 | Souces can be specified.
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| 90 | ---
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| 91 | Code Context -- Open a pane at the top of the edit window which
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| 92 | shows the block context of the section of code
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| 93 | which is scrolling off the top or the window.
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| 94 |
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| 95 | Windows Menu:
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| 96 |
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| 97 | Zoom Height -- toggles the window between configured size
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| 98 | and maximum height.
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| 99 | ---
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| 100 | The rest of this menu lists the names of all open windows;
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| 101 | select one to bring it to the foreground (deiconifying it if
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| 102 | necessary).
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| 103 |
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| 104 | Help Menu:
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| 105 |
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| 106 | About IDLE -- Version, copyright, license, credits
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| 107 | IDLE Readme -- Background discussion and change details
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| 108 | ---
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| 109 | IDLE Help -- Display this file
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| 110 | Python Docs -- Access local Python documentation, if
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| 111 | installed. Otherwise, access www.python.org.
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| 112 | ---
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| 113 | (Additional Help Sources may be added here)
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| 114 |
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| 115 |
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| 116 | ** TIPS **
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| 117 | ==========
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| 118 |
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| 119 | Additional Help Sources:
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| 120 |
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| 121 | Windows users can Google on zopeshelf.chm to access Zope help files in
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| 122 | the Windows help format. The Additional Help Sources feature of the
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| 123 | configuration GUI supports .chm, along with any other filetypes
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| 124 | supported by your browser. Supply a Menu Item title, and enter the
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| 125 | location in the Help File Path slot of the New Help Source dialog. Use
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| 126 | http:// and/or www. to identify external URLs, or download the file and
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| 127 | browse for its path on your machine using the Browse button.
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| 128 |
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| 129 | All users can access the extensive sources of help, including
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| 130 | tutorials, available at www.python.org/doc. Selected URLs can be added
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| 131 | or removed from the Help menu at any time using Configure IDLE.
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| 132 |
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| 133 | Basic editing and navigation:
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| 134 |
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| 135 | Backspace deletes char to the left; DEL deletes char to the right.
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| 136 | Control-backspace deletes word left, Control-DEL deletes word right.
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| 137 | Arrow keys and Page Up/Down move around.
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| 138 | Control-left/right Arrow moves by words in a strange but useful way.
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| 139 | Home/End go to begin/end of line.
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| 140 | Control-Home/End go to begin/end of file.
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| 141 | Some useful Emacs bindings (Control-a, Control-e, Control-k, etc.)
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| 142 | are inherited from Tcl/Tk.
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| 143 | Standard Windows bindings may work on that platform.
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| 144 | Keybindings are selected in the Settings Dialog, look there.
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| 145 |
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| 146 | Automatic indentation:
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| 147 |
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| 148 | After a block-opening statement, the next line is indented by 4 spaces
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| 149 | (in the Python Shell window by one tab). After certain keywords
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| 150 | (break, return etc.) the next line is dedented. In leading
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| 151 | indentation, Backspace deletes up to 4 spaces if they are there. Tab
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| 152 | inserts spaces (in the Python Shell window one tab), number depends on
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| 153 | Indent Width. (N.B. Currently tabs are restricted to four spaces due
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| 154 | to Tcl/Tk issues.)
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| 155 |
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| 156 | See also the indent/dedent region commands in the edit menu.
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| 157 |
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| 158 | Python Shell window:
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| 159 |
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| 160 | Control-c interrupts executing command.
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| 161 | Control-d sends end-of-file; closes window if typed at >>> prompt
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| 162 | (this is Control-z on Windows).
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| 163 |
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| 164 | Command history:
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| 165 |
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| 166 | Alt-p retrieves previous command matching what you have typed.
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| 167 | Alt-n retrieves next.
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| 168 | (These are Control-p, Control-n on the Mac)
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| 169 | Return while cursor is on a previous command retrieves that command.
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| 170 | Expand word is also useful to reduce typing.
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| 171 |
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| 172 | Syntax colors:
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| 173 |
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| 174 | The coloring is applied in a background "thread", so you may
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| 175 | occasionally see uncolorized text. To change the color
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| 176 | scheme, use the Configure IDLE / Highlighting dialog.
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| 177 |
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| 178 | Python default syntax colors:
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| 179 |
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| 180 | Keywords orange
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| 181 | Builtins royal purple
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| 182 | Strings green
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| 183 | Comments red
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| 184 | Definitions blue
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| 185 |
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| 186 | Shell default colors:
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| 187 |
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| 188 | Console output brown
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| 189 | stdout blue
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| 190 | stderr red
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| 191 | stdin black
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| 192 |
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| 193 | Other preferences:
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| 194 |
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| 195 | The font preferences, keybinding, and startup preferences can
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| 196 | be changed using the Settings dialog.
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| 197 |
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| 198 | Command line usage:
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| 199 |
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| 200 | Enter idle -h at the command prompt to get a usage message.
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| 201 |
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| 202 | Running without a subprocess:
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| 203 |
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| 204 | If IDLE is started with the -n command line switch it will run in a
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| 205 | single process and will not create the subprocess which runs the RPC
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| 206 | Python execution server. This can be useful if Python cannot create
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| 207 | the subprocess or the RPC socket interface on your platform. However,
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| 208 | in this mode user code is not isolated from IDLE itself. Also, the
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| 209 | environment is not restarted when Run/Run Module (F5) is selected. If
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| 210 | your code has been modified, you must reload() the affected modules and
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| 211 | re-import any specific items (e.g. from foo import baz) if the changes
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| 212 | are to take effect. For these reasons, it is preferable to run IDLE
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| 213 | with the default subprocess if at all possible.
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